Rubens Gerchman (Rio de Janeiro RJ 1942 - São Paulo SP 2008)
Rubens Gerchman was a painter, draftsman, printmaker and sculptor. In 1957, he attended the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios do Rio de Janeiro, where he studied drawing. He took a woodcut course with Adir Botelho (1932) and, between 1960 and 1961, studied at the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes (Enba). In 1967, he was awarded the foreign travel prize at the 16th Salão Nacional de Arte Moderna (SNAM) and went to the United States, where he lived in New York between 1968 and 1972.
After returning to Brazil, he wrote, directed and designed the sets for the film Triunfo Hermético, as well as the short films ValCarnal and Behind the Broken Glass. Between 1975 and 1979, he was director of the Escola de Artes Visuais do Parque Lage (EAV/Parque Lage) in Rio de Janeiro. He was also co-founder and director of the magazine Malasartes. In 1978, he traveled again to the United States with a grant from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation. In 1981, at the invitation of the architect Lina Bo Bardi (1914–1992), he created a tile panel for Sesc Fábrica Pompéia in São Paulo.
In 1982, he spent a year in Berlin as artist in residence at the invitation of the Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD), the German Academic Exchange Service. In 1989, he launched the book Gerchman, with texts by the art critic Wilson Coutinho. In 1993, he published the album of lithographs Dupla Identidade [Double Identity], accompanied by a text by the poet Armando Freitas Filho (1940). He was active as a teacher, giving courses in Brazil and abroad. In 2000, he launched an album of 32 lithographs, the first volume of the Cahier d'Artiste collection by Lithos Edições de Arte.
Critical Commentary
In his first canvases, Rubens Gerchman painted bucolic urban scenes. Influenced by the universe of mass culture, he made pictures depicting crowds and the world printed on the pages of the media. In 1962, he left the Escola Nacional de Belas Artes - Enba. Two years later, he held his first solo exhibition, at Galeria Vila Rica in Rio de Janeiro. He showed gouaches and panels, mainly in black and white. In these works, the crowds appear with little detail, reaffirming the anonymity of individuals, with Jean Dubuffet (1901 - 1985) as a reference. His themes come from the popular life of the metropolis: he painted beauty contests, football matches, and narratives from soap operas and comic strips.
In the group show Opinião 66, he showed works critical of the Brazilian situation, such as Caixas de Morar [Dwelling Boxes], Elevador Social [Social Elevator] and Ditadura das Coisas [Dictatorship of Things]. At that time, he made his first three-dimensional works, linked to the discussions of the Nova Objetividade Brasileira. This debate materialized in an exhibition in 1967, bringing together artists such as Hélio Oiticica (1937 - 1980) and Carlos Vergara (1941). That same year, he received an award at the Salão Nacional de Arte Moderna - SNAM. With the prize, he moved to New York. There he devoted himself to three-dimensional visual poems and made pieces such as Tool, 1970, Air and SOS, 1967. In the United States, he helped organize the boycott of the Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, dubbed the "Dictatorship Biennial". From 1972, his sculptures took the form of multiples. The artist achieved great commercial success with them.
In 1973, he returned to Brazil for good and held his first retrospective at the Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro - MAM/RJ. A year later, he took part in founding the magazine Malasartes. At that time, he made prints in collaboration with Claudio Tozzi (1944) and Hélio Oiticica. His work uses the written word and shows a strong affinity with conceptual art. From 1975, he took over as director of the Escola de Artes Visuais do Parque Lage - EAV/Parque Lage. During this period, he devoted himself to canvases based on comic-strip narratives and on popular image production, as in Virgem dos Lábios de Mel [Virgin of the Honey Lips] (1975).
In the 1980s, the artist returned to realist painting. He made paintings and reliefs. He was concerned above all with themes such as crime, crowds and picturesque aspects of city life, as in Banco de Trás [Back Seat], 1985, and Beijo [Kiss], 1989. These paintings are more colorful and gestural. He drew close to the neo-expressionist currents of the time. In the 1990s, the figures in his canvases were developed in sculptures and lithographs.
Critiques
"Rubens Gerchman starts from redundancy and uses the materials offered by the civilization of vulgarity, but in the name of an idea that does not aim at creating the unusual for its own sake, but rather at collective participation. Gerchman's Caixas de Morar are not something unusual within the redundancy of everyday life, meant to rectify it (the surrealist message) or to take pleasure in it (the pop art message), but a radical reduction of given reality. He proposes an urbanistic rebuilding of the eugenic city of the future. It is a city of the underdeveloped. Hence its merit. The objectivity of his démarche lies not in the construction of the boxes for their own sake, but in the extroverted direction of his practice. The unusual is not in the everyday founded on use and routine. The unusual here is infra-reality, or the reality that lies beneath the superstructures and does not require the poet to detect it, but an action, an event, to find the law of a reality that produces it. The relationship between redundancy and the unusual is thus inverted. In Gerchman and others it is redundancy that reveals the unusual, and what comes out of their boxes, for example, is no exercise in self-expression, but an effort to build a new relationship with reality".
Mário Pedrosa
GERCHMAN, Rubens. Rubens Gerchman. Texto Mário Pedrosa. Rio de Janeiro: MAM, 1973.
"In drawings, paintings, silkscreens and assemblages, Gerchman then brought onto the scene characters without immediate identity, mannequins taken from the people, newspaper figures, myths of the middle class, of the suburbs or of the big city's underground. Anonymous, marginal people, crammed into buses or dwelling boxes, starstruck by beauty queens, footballers and stars of the screen or of music, who dangle before them the bait of the fetish-models of consumer society. The missing who reappear in the sad moment of glory of a newspaper photo; the headlines with the sweat and blood of all those who suddenly and briefly gain a name in the ´geleia geral´ [general jelly] - with this, armed with a certain cordel air and the tactics of bad taste, he built his uncomfortable gallery of types, in which A Bela Lindonéia [The Beautiful Lindonéia], Gioconda of the Suburbs, in 1966, and Mona Lou, with full lips and crimes common to the middle class, in 1975, occupy the position of beacons".
Roberto Pontual
PONTUAL, Roberto. Entre dois séculos: arte brasileira do século XX na coleção Gilberto Chateaubriand. Prefácio de Gilberto Allard Chateaubriand e Antônio Houaiss. Apresentação de M. F. do Nascimento Brito. Rio de Janeiro: Jornal do Brasil, 1987.
"They are metal plates, scrap from shipyards, worthless, discarded, abandoned material already stripped of any meaning. It is precisely this material lacking meaning, devoid of symbolism, that Rubens Gerchman (Rio de Janeiro, 1942) gathered to make his unexpected foray into sculpture. A real scandal and affront. How does a well-known painter, marked by his initiatives and involvements, at a mature stage, suddenly take up another technique? Consistently. In painting, Gerchman also tends to surprise. And there, as now, he gathers stripped beings, devoid of meaning. It is in his gesture of recovery, in his understanding of the human figure as emblematic, that symbolism emerges and becomes a mark of the social world, a representation of its possibilities. In sculpture, his thinking is governed by the same principle. And the chosen material, through its treatment, becomes emblematic of the human being".
Jacob Klintowitz
KLINTOWITZ, Jacob. O Ofício da arte: a escultura. Apresentação Abram Szajman. São Paulo: Sesc, 1988.
"Gerchman's production then operates along two axes: the overcoming of the image and the emphasis on semantic games aiming at critical connections with the real through mental synthesis. In this case, the isolated word seeking these links, a procedure of the concrete and neoconcrete artists, takes on an important role in Gerchman's New York production. The word is also architecture and sculpture. This is what happens with the work Ar [Air], a sculpture for large open spaces made of transparent plexiglass. In the work, as there was a separation between the elements of the letter, the vertical stem of the ´R´ can be read as an ´I´, which would give the English word ´Air´. There is also a social issue: the translucent sculpture rises against the polluted air.
It is true that since 1966 Gerchman had directed his work toward three-dimensional pieces, when he produced his ´marmitas´ [lunch pails] and ´caixas de morar´ [dwelling boxes], for example. But the process now is deliberately one of stimulating conceptual relationships. Another work uses the word sky, dissected into eye, yellow and line; yet another unites the words man and woman; a black wooden S on white-grey sand snakes out the word snake, in the middle there is the word sinuous, and finally, below, sign. From the same period are the letter sculpture Lute [Fight], a work that would be a monument for the asphalt, and the poetic Marazul-Marazul, in transparent polyester, which was meant to float in the Botafogo cove. Gerchman would explain his work: I don't think that the word in the visual arts leads to a ´literary´ view of what should be visual or tactile. I think it is important to reduce the word to the essential, the meaning worn out on its own. I want to relearn it. From the redundancy of placing the word água [water] written inside a cube of water comes more strength; one gains an overload of information".
Wilson Coutinho
COUTINHO, Wilson. Na era do conceito e a antropologia do desejo. In: GERCHMAN. Comentário Wilson Coutinho. Rio de Janeiro: Salamandra, 1989, p.23.
Testimonials
"The first exhibition, in 1964, 'when I discovered my inner world', the exhibition at Galeria Relevo in 1965, 'where, becoming aware of the crowd for the first time, I found my place in the world': the poster-painting Casal Fartura [Plenty Couple], shown in Opinião 65, 'the first attempt to use the poster and the newspaper or magazine image in a new context - the canvas, that sacred place'; the exhibition Pare! [Stop!] at G-4, alongside Vergara and Escosteguy, whose happening 'was my first experience of placing the viewer inside a wooden structure covered with transparent plastic, inside which he was trapped (the plastic was stapled afterwards) as in a cage. From the outside, I painted the plastic with colored spray paint, making the viewers gradually disappear behind the colors. When the painting was finished, the happening was over and the viewers had to struggle inside to break the wooden structure and free themselves. Nailed on the outside was a sign: Elevador Social [Social Elevator]; the filming of Ver e Ouvir, by Antonio Carlos Fontoura, whose third part, Os Desconhecidos, was shot almost entirely in the street, with the pictures and objects on the sidewalk, in the middle of the traffic, among people, with direct-sound interviews and using the technique of cinéma vérité. For me, that experience was vital'; and finally A Marmita [The Lunch Pail] - the first attempt at a form of greater participation on the part of the viewer, by suggesting that he hold the utensil's handle - and the two pieces sent to the 9th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, Sempre Perto de Ti [Always Near You] and A Cidade [The City], 'in which the viewers, two at a time, enter each shelter-house, made entirely of plastic and four in number; from inside the shelter, whose structure is so light that the couple can easily move it, one can see the outside world through a plastic visor'".
Rubens Gerchman
LEITE, José Roberto Teixeira. Dicionário Crítico da Pintura no Brasil. São Paulo: Artlivre, 1988. p.218.
Solo Exhibitions
1964 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Vila Rica
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rubens Gerchman: Gouaches, Drawings, Lithographs, Panels, at Galeria Relevo
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Jean Boghici
1967 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Art-Art
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Relevo
1968 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Art-Art
1971 - New York (United States) - Solo, at Galeria Jack Misrachi
1971 - New York (United States) - Solo, at Lerner Heller Gallery
1971 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Ralph Camargo Consultoria de Arte
1972 - New York (United States) - Solo, at Lerner Heller Gallery
1973 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at MAM/RJ
1973 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Ralph Camargo
1974 - Antwerp (Belgium) - Solo, at International Cultureel Centrum
1974 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Luiz Buarque de Hollanda e Paulo Bittencourt
1974 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Masp
1975 - Cuiabá MT - Solo, at Museu de Arte e de Cultura Popular
1975 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Graphics, at Bolsa de Arte
1977 - Curitiba PR - Solo, at Museu Guido Viaro
1977 - Joinville SC - Solo, at Museu de Arte de Joinville
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Good Night, at Galeria Luiz Buarque de Holanda e Paulo Bittencourt
1977 - São Paulo SP - Good Night, at Galeria Arte Global
1978 - Porto Alegre RS - Solo, at Galeria Eucatexpo
1979 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Saramenha
1980 - Mexico City (Mexico) - Solo, at Fórum de Arte Contemporânea
1980 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Monica Filgueiras Galeria de Arte
1981 - João Pessoa PB - Solo, at Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea
1981 - New York (United States) - Solo, at Nardin Gallery
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at IAB/RJ
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Police Record, at GB
1981 - São Paulo SP - Police Record, at Monica Filgueiras Galeria de Arte
1981 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Alberto Bonfiglioli
1982 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: Graphic Works and Recent Drawings, at Galeria Suzana Sassoun
1983 - Salvador BA - Graphics, with lithographs and silkscreens, at MAM/BA
1983 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: Paintings, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1984 - Porto Alegre RS - Solo, at Galeria Tina Presser
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Portraits of Berlin and Others, at Galeria Olivia Kann
1984 - São Paulo SP - Paintings by Rubens Gerchman, at Paulo Figueiredo Galeria de Arte
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Bright Morning, at Galeria Paulo Klabin
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Jean Boghici
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Maurício Leite Barbosa
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Montesanti Galleria
1986 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: Paintings-Sculptures, at Galeria Paulo Klabin
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at CCCM. Grande Galeria
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria de Arte Toulouse
1989 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Millan
1990 - Brasília DF - Gerchman, at Performance Galeria de Arte
1990 - Paris (France) - Police Record, at Galeria 1900-2000
1990 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Fernando Milan
1991 - Amsterdam (Netherlands) - Solo, at Galeria Nine
1991 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Solo, at Galeria 111
1991 - Rotterdã (Netherlands) - Solo, at Galeria Von Mourik
1992 - Bogotá (Colombia) - Solo, at Galeria de Arte
1992 - Bogotá (Colombia) - Solo, at Galeria Garcez Velasquez
1992 - Coral Gables (United States) - Solo, at The Ambrosino Gallery
1992 - San Cristóbal (Venezuela) - Solo, at Galeria Sin Limite
1992 - Miami (United States) - Solo, at Ambrosino Gallery
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rubens Gerchman: Retrospective, at CCBB
1992 - San Cristóbal (Venezuela) - Urban Mythology, at Galeria Sin Limite
1993 - Bogotá (Colombia) - Solo, at Museu de Arte Moderna de Bogotá
1993 - Caracas (Venezuela) - Solo, at Museo Alejandro Otero
1993 - New York (United States) - Rubens Gerchman: Recent Works, at Americas Gallery
1993 - Beijing (China) - Solo, at Embaixada da Colômbia
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Generations, at Museu da República
1993 - São Paulo SP - Rubens Gerchman: Recent Paintings, at Galeria Nara Roesler
1994 - Bogotá (Colombia) - Solo, at Museu de Arte Moderna de Bogotá
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Gerchman's Cities, at MNBA
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Gerchman's Multimedia Form, at Galeria Forma
1997 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galerie 1900-2000
1997 - New York (United States) - Solo, at Museo del Barrio
1997 - São Paulo SP - The Aesthetics of Football, at Praça do Banco Real
1997 - São Paulo SP - Solo exhibition presenting the book-object Dupla Identidade [Double Identity], at A Hebraica
1998 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galerie Jérôme de Noirmont
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at MNBA
2000 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Museu Lasar Segall
2000 - São Paulo SP - Tem Po, at Ricardo Camargo Galeria
2001 - Niterói RJ - Solo, at MAC/Niterói
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Smoke Box, at CCBB
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Fundação Castro Maia
2001 - São Paulo SP - Third Half, at Galeria Euroart Castelli
2004 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Renot Galeria de Arte
Group Exhibitions
1962 - Curitiba PR - Paraná Salon, at Biblioteca Pública do Paraná
1962 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 11th National Salon of Modern Art
1963 - Curitiba PR - 20th Paraná Fine Arts Salon, at Biblioteca Pública do Paraná
1963 - Paris (France) - Five Young Brazilian Printmakers, at Casa Brasil
1963 - São Paulo SP - 1st Exhibition of Young National Drawing, at Faap
1964 - Belo Horizonte MG - 1st Exhibition of Young National Drawing, at MAP
1964 - Curitiba PR - 21st Paraná Fine Arts Salon, at Biblioteca Pública do Paraná - acquisition prize and silver medal
1964 - Ribeirão Preto SP - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking
1964 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 13th National Salon of Modern Art
1964 - Belo Horizonte MG - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, at MAP
1964 - São Paulo SP - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, at MAC/USP
1965 - Curitiba PR - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, at Secretaria do Estado de Educação
1965 - Florianópolis SC - 1st Exhibition of Young National Printmaking, at Masc
1965 - Paris (France) - La Figuration Narrative dans L'Art Contemporain, at Galeria Europa e Creuse
1965 - Paris (France) - Salon de La Jeune Peinture, at Musée d'Art Moderne de La Ville de Paris
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 14th National Salon of Modern Art, at MAM/RJ
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st Esso Salon of Young Artists, at MAM/RJ
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Opinião 65, at MAM/RJ
1965 - São Paulo SP - 2nd Exhibition of Young National Drawing, at MAC/USP - acquisition prize
1965 - São Paulo SP - 8th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal - acquisition prize
1965 - São Paulo SP - Propostas 65, at MAB/Faap
1965 - São Paulo SP - 1st Esso Salon of Young Artists, at MAC/USP
1966 - Belo Horizonte MG - Brazilian Avant-Garde, at UFMG. Reitoria
1966 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Exhibition of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 15th National Salon of Modern Art
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 4th JB Art Summary, at MAM/RJ
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Opinião 66, at MAM/RJ
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Pare [Stop], at Galeria G-4
1966 - Salvador BA - 1st National Biennial of Visual Arts - special research prize
1967 - Brasília DF - 4th Federal District Salon of Modern Art, at Teatro Nacional Cláudio Santoro
1967 - Cali (Colombia) - Cali Biennial - 1st prize in painting
1967 - Córdoba (Argentina) - Córdoba Inter-American Biennial
1967 - Paris (France) - 5th Paris Biennale, at Musée d'Art Moderne de La Ville de Paris
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 16th National Salon of Modern Art - foreign travel award
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Nova Objetividade Brasileira (New Brazilian Objectivity), at MAM/RJ
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 3rd The Face and the Work, at Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Parangolé Social, with Hélio Oiticica, at Galeria G4
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1967 - Tokyo (Japan) - 9th Tokyo Biennial
1968 - Campo Grande MS - 28 Artists from the Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, at Galeria do Diário da Serra
1968 - New York (United States) - Fashion Poetry Event, at The Center for Inter-American Relations
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 2nd Esso Salon of Young Artists, at MAM/RJ - acquisition prize
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 6th JB Art Summary
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Flags in the Square, at Praça General Osório
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Brazilian Artist and Mass Iconography, at Esdi
1968 - Salvador BA - 2nd National Biennial of Visual Arts, at MAM/BA
1969 - Cali (Colombia) - Salon of the Americas of Painting
1969 - Fortaleza CE - 28 Artists from the Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, at Centro de Artes Visuais Raimundo Cela
1970 - Cali (Colombia) - Cali Biennial - 1st prize in sculpture
1970 - Medellín (Colombia) - 2nd Medellín Biennial, at Museu de Antioquia
1970 - New York (United States) - 4 X 4, at Lerner Heller Gallery
1971 - Cali (Colombia) - 1st American Biennial of Graphic Arts, at Museo de Arte Moderno La Tertulia
1971 - New York (United States) - 4 Young Artists, at New York University. Loeb Student Center
1971 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Exhibition of Multiples, at Petite Galerie
1972 - Nottingham (England) - Midland Postal Exhibition
1972 - New York (United States) - Environ-Vision, at Syracuse University and at New York Cultural Center
1972 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Exhibition, at MAM/RJ
1972 - São Paulo SP - 6th Young Contemporary Art, at MAC/USP
1972 - São Paulo SP - Art Brazil/Today: 50 Years Later, at Galeria da Collectio
1972 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Multiples, at Galeria Múltipla de Arte
1973 - Brussels (Belgium) - Brussels International Fair
1973 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Some Aspects of Brazilian Drawing, at Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1973 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - International Avant-Garde, at Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1973 - São Paulo SP - 5th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1973 - São Paulo SP - Expo-Projeção 73, at Espaço Grife
1973 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Expo-Projeção 73, at Cayc
1974 - Geneva (Switzerland) - Artistes Brésiliens, at Galeria d'Art du Ontário
1974 - Toronto (Canada) - Artistes Brésiliens, at Musée d'Art Contemporain
1974 - Montreal (Canada) - Artistes Brésiliens, at Musée d'Art Contemporain
1974 - São Paulo SP - 6th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1974 - São Paulo SP - Galeria Luisa Strina: Inaugural Exhibition, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1975 - Paris (France) and London (England) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at Espace Cardin
1975 - Brussels (Belgium) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at Centro Internacional d'Anvers
1975 - London (England) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at Contemporary Art Center
1975 - Campinas SP - (Arte), at MACC
1975 - Campinas SP - Waltercio Caldas, Rubens Gerchman, Carlos Vergara, José Resende, at MACC
1975 - Ontário (Canada) - Brazilian Art in Canada
1975 - Paris (France) - Art and Systems of Latin America, at Espace Pierre Cardin
1975 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Communication According to Visual Artists - traveling
1977 - Austin (United States) - Recent Latin American Drawing 1969-1976: lines of vision international exhibition foundation, at Universidade do Texas
1977 - Washington (United States) - Recent Latin American Drawing 1969-1976: lines of vision international exhibition foundation, at Washington Art Gallery
1977 - Belo Horizonte MG - 5th Global Winter Salon, at Fundação Clóvis Salgado. Palácio das Artes
1977 - Brasília DF - 5th Global Winter Salon
1977 - Goiânia GO - Goiás Visual Arts Salon, at MAC/GO
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 14 para Viagem, at EAV/Parque Lage
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 5th Global Winter Salon, at MNBA
1977 - São Paulo SP - 9th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1977 - São Paulo SP - 5th Global Winter Salon, at Masp
1978 - Belo Horizonte MG - Football Salon, at Fundação Clóvis Salgado. Palácio das Artes
1978 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 15 Young Artists from Brazil, at Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires
1978 - Curitiba PR - 1st Curitiba Annual Printmaking Show, at Centro de Criatividade
1978 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st National Visual Arts Salon, at MNBA
1978 - São Paulo SP - 15 Young Artists from Brazil, at MAB/Faap
1978 - São Paulo SP - 1st Exhibition of Unusual Furniture and Objects, at Paço das Artes
1978 - São Paulo SP - The Object in Art: Brazil in the 1960s, at MAB/Faap
1978 - São Paulo SP - Few and Rare, at Masp
1979 - Campina Grande PB - The Book as Art, at Museu de Arte da Fundação Universidade Regional do Nordeste
1979 - João Pessoa PB - Art of Resistance-Art of Emergency, at Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea
1979 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Art of Resistance-Art of Emergency, at EAV/Parque Lage
1979 - São Paulo SP - 15th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1980 - Mexico City (Mexico) - Contemporary Art Forum
1980 - Curitiba PR - 37th Paraná Salon, at Teatro Guaíra
1980 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Tribute to Mário Pedrosa, at Galeria Jean Boghici
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Pablo, Pablo!: A Brazilian Interpretation of Guernica, at Funarte
1981 - São Paulo SP - Art Research, at MAC/USP
1981 - São Paulo SP - Contemporary Brazilian Artists, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1982 - Berlin (Germany) - Horizonte de Latinoamerica, at Gallery Daad
1982 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Brazil 60 Years of Modern Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
1982 - London (England) - Brazil 60 Years of Modern Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Barbican Art Gallery
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Between the Stain and the Figure, at MAM/RJ
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Football: Interpretations, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - What House Is This of Brazilian Art
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Universe of Football, at MAM/RJ
1982 - São Paulo SP - Football, at Paulo Figueiredo Galeria de Arte
1983 - Olinda PE - 2nd Exhibition of the Abelardo Rodrigues Visual Arts Collection, at MAC/Olinda
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 3 x 4 Large Formats, at Galeria do Centro Empresarial Rio
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 6th National Visual Arts Salon, at MAM/RJ
1983 - São Paulo SP - 14th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1983 - São Paulo SP - Art in the Street
1984 - Curitiba PR - 6th Curitiba City Printmaking Show
1984 - Curitiba PR - Simões de Assis Galeria de Arte: Inaugural Exhibition, at Simões de Assis Galeria de Arte
1984 - New York (United States) - Artists' Call Against Intervention in Central America
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Antonio Dias, Carlos Vergara, Roberto Magalhães and Rubens Gerchman, at Galeria do Centro Empresarial Rio
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Active Brazilian Painting, at Espaço Petrobras
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Long Live Painting, at Petite Galerie
1984 - São Paulo SP - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection: Portrait and Self-Portrait of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1984 - São Paulo SP - Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - Atami (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - Brasília DF - Brazilianness and Independence, at Teatro Nacional Cláudio Santoro
1985 - Kyoto (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, at Fundação Brasil-Japão
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Opinião 65, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1985 - São Paulo SP - 18th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - São Paulo SP - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, at Fundação Brasil-Japão
1985 - Tokyo (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st Christian Dior Contemporary Art Show: Painting, at Paço Imperial
1986 - São Paulo SP - 17th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1986 - São Paulo SP - The URBS in the Vision of Eight Artists, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - Belo Horizonte MG - Ivald Granato, Rubens Gerchman, Claudio Tozzi, at Gesto Gráfico Galeria de Arte
1987 - Spain - Contemporary Brazilian Art
1987 - Paris (France) - Modernidade: Brazilian Art of the 20th Century, at Musée d'Art Moderne de La Ville de Paris
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - To the Collector: Tribute to Gilberto Chateaubriand, at MAM/RJ
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio de Janeiro, Fevereiro, Março: From Modernism to the 80s Generation, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1987 - São Paulo SP - The Craft of Art: Painting, at Sesc
1987 - São Paulo SP - Palavra Imágica, at MAC/USP
1988 - Austin (United States) - Art and Artists in the United States 1920-1970
1988 - New York (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States: 1920-1970, at The Bronx Museum of the Arts
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 88 x 68: A Review of the Years
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Hedonism: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Galeria Edifício Gilberto Chateaubriand
1988 - São Paulo SP - 63/66 Figure and Object, at Galeria Millan
1988 - São Paulo SP - Modernidade: Brazilian Art of the 20th Century, at MAM/SP
1988 - São Paulo SP - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Sesc Pompéia
1989 - Copenhagen (Denmark) - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Museu Charlottenborg
1989 - El Paso (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States: 1920-1970, at El Paso Museum of Art
1989 - San Diego (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States: 1920-1970, at San Diego Museum of Art
1989 - San Juan (Puerto Rico) - The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States: 1920-1970, at Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Today, at MAM/RJ
1989 - São Paulo SP - 20th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1990 - Miami (United States) - The Latin American Spirit: art and artists in the United States, 1920-1970, at Center for the Fine Arts Miami Art Museum of Dade
1990 - Moscow (Russia) - Brazilian Graphic Arts Fair
1991 - Stockholm (Sweden) - Viva Brasil Viva, at Konstavdelningen och Liljevalchs Konsthall
1991 - Miami (United States) - Brazilian Art, at Brito Gallery
1991 - Paris (France) - After Duchamp, at Galeria 1900-2000
1991 - São Paulo SP - 21st Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1991 - São Paulo SP - What Are You Doing Now, Generation 60?: Young Contemporary Art of the 1960s Revisited, at MAC/USP
1992 - Florida (United States) - Pop on Paper, at Hockin Gallery
1992 - Miami (United States) - Brazilian Art, at Brito Gallery
1992 - Paris (France) - Latin American Diversities, at Galeria 1900-2000
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Arts of Power, at Paço Imperial
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Eco Art, at MAM/RJ
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Art Printmaking in Brazil: A Proposal for a Mapping, at CCBB
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Nature: Four Centuries of Art in Brazil, at CCBB
1992 - Santo André SP - Lithography: Methods and Concepts, at Paço Municipal
1992 - São Paulo SP - 1960s/70s: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection/Museu de Arte Moderna - RJ, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1993 - João Pessoa PB - Woodcut: From Cordel to the Gallery, at Funesc
1993 - Miami (United States) - Wiso Art
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Erotic Art, at MAM/RJ
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil 100 Years of Modern Art, at MNBA
1993 - São Paulo SP - 23rd Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1993 - São Paulo SP - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1993 - São Paulo SP - Works for Illustration of the Suplemento Literário: 1956-1967, at MAM/SP
1994 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Beyond Taprobana: The Human Figure in the Visual Arts of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, at Sociedade Nacional de Belas Artes
1994 - Poços de Caldas MG - Unibanco Collection: Exhibition Celebrating Unibanco's 70 Years, at Casa de Cultura de Poços de Caldas
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 2nd Visual Arts Exhibition: Space, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Trenches: Art and Politics in Brazil, at MAM/RJ
1994 - São Paulo SP - Bienal Brasil Século XX, at Fundação Bienal
1994 - São Paulo SP - Claudio Tozzi, Ivald Granato, Cleber Machado, Maurício Nogueira Lima, Rubens Gerchman, Siron Franco and Tomoshige Kusuno, at A Hebraica (São Paulo, SP)
1994 - São Paulo SP - Poetics of Resistance: Aspects of Brazilian Printmaking, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1994 - São Paulo SP - Woodcut: From Cordel to the Gallery, at Metrô
1995 - Curitiba PR - 52nd Paraná Salon, at MAC/PR
1995 - Porto Alegre RS - Rubens Gerchman and Angelo de Aquino, at Bolsa de Arte de Porto Alegre
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Beyond Taprobana: The Human Figure in the Visual Arts of Portuguese-Speaking Countries, at MAM/RJ
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Unibanco Collection: Exhibition Celebrating Unibanco's 70 Years, at MAM/RJ
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Color of Rio, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - To Draw, at Galeria de Arte Toulouse
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Libertines/Libertarians, at Funarte
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Opinião 65: 30 Years, at CCBB
1995 - São Paulo SP - Visual Road, at Renato Magalhães Gouvêa Escritório de Arte
1996 - Belo Horizonte MG - Traveling Impressions, at Palácio das Artes
1996 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art: 50 Years of History in the MAC/USP Collection: 1920-1970, at MAC/USP
1996 - São Paulo SP - Ex Libris/Home Page, at Paço das Artes
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - 1st Bienal de Artes Visuais do Mercosul, at Aplub; at Casa de Cultura Mário Quintana; at DC Navegantes; at Edel; at Usina do Gasômetro; at Instituto de Artes da UFRGS; at Fundação Bienal de Artes Visuais do Mercosul; at Margs; at Espaço Ulbra; at Museu de Comunicação Social; at Reitoria da UFRGS and at Theatro São Pedro
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Cartographic Strand, at Usina do Gasômetro
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Political Strand, at Fundação Bienal de Artes Visuais do Mercosul
1997 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Air: Exhibition of Visual Arts, Toys, Objects and Models, at Paço Imperial
1997 - São Paulo SP - The City of Artists, at MAC/USP
1997 - São Paulo SP - Anthropophagic Appropriations, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - Niterói RJ - Mirror of the Bienal, at MAC/Niterói
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Image of the Sound of Caetano Veloso, at Paço Imperial
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The 1960s/70s: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Thirty Years of '68, at CCBB
1998 - São Paulo SP - The Art of Exhibiting Art, at MAM/SP
1998 - São Paulo SP - Elective Affinities I: The Collector's Gaze, at Casa das Rosas
1998 - São Paulo SP - Canibáliafetiva, at A Estufa
1998 - São Paulo SP - Highlights of the Unibanco Collection, at Instituto Moreira Salles
1998 - São Paulo SP - Frontiers, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - São Paulo SP - Impressions: The Art of Brazilian Printmaking, at Espaço Cultural Banespa-Paulista
1998 - São Paulo SP - The Modern and the Contemporary in Brazilian Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection - MAM/RJ, at Masp
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 500 Years Later in Rio: Paintings, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Everyday Life/Art. The Object - 1960s/90s, at MAM/RJ
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Printmaking Exhibition. Mônica and George Kornis Collection, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Printmaking Exhibition. Brazilian Modern Printmaking: Museu Nacional de Belas Artes Collection, at MNBA
1999 - São Paulo SP - The Female Figure in the MAB Collection, at MAB/Faap
1999 - São Paulo SP - Everyday Life/Art. Consumption, at Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - Everyday Life/Art. The Object - 1960s/90s, at Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - Lithography: Fidelity and Memory, at Espaço de Artes Unicid
1999 - São Paulo SP - United Artists: Journeys of Identities, at Casa das Rosas
2000 - Brasília DF - Brazil Europe Exhibition: Encounters in the 20th Century, at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
2000 - Curitiba PR - 12th Curitiba Printmaking Show. Marks of the Body, Folds of the Soul
2000 - Lisbon (Portugal) - 20th Century: Art of Brazil, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Antonio Dias, Carlos Vergara, Roberto Magalhães, Rubens Gerchman, at GB ARTe
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilianness, at Centro Cultural Light
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Artists' Bardi, at Espaço Cultural dos Correios
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Situations: Brazilian Art in the 1970s, at Fundação Casa França-Brasil
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Female Figure in the MAB Collection, at MAB/Faap
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Human Figure in the Itaú Collection, at Itaú Cultural
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brasil + 500 Mostra do Redescobrimento, at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - Pirelli Collection in the MAM Collection: Brazilian Art in the 1960s, at MAM/SP
2000 - São Paulo SP - Sociarte Group Show, at Clube Atlético Monte Líbano. Espaço Cultural
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Artists' Bardi, at Memorial da América Latina. Galeria Marta Traba
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Role of Art, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
2001 - Porto Alegre RS - Liba and Rubem Knijnik Collection: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Margs
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Watercolor, at Centro Cultural Light
2001 - São Paulo SP - Art Today, at Arvani Arte
2001 - São Paulo SP - Museu de Arte Brasileira: 40 Years, at MAB/Faap
2001 - São Paulo SP - 10 Poetics, at A Hebraica
2002 - Fortaleza CE - Ceará Rediscovers Brazil, at Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura
2002 - Niterói RJ - Collection on Paper, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Niterói RJ - Dialogue, Antagonism and Replication in the Sattamini Collection, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Paths of the Contemporary 1952-2002, at Paço Imperial
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Between Word and Image: Module 1, at Sala MAM-Cittá América
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Identities: The Brazilian Portrait in the Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
2002 - São Paulo SP - Cityproject / cityexperience, at MAM/SP
2002 - São Paulo SP - Map of Now: Recent Brazilian Art in the João Sattamini Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2002 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Multiples 30 Years Later, at Múltipla de Arte
2002 - São Paulo SP - Pop Brasil: Folk Art and the Popular in Art, at CCBB
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Art in Motion, at Espaço BNDES
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Autonomy of Drawing, at MAM/RJ
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Projeto Brazilianart, at Almacén Galeria de Arte
2003 - São Paulo SP - The Subversion of the Media, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Art and Society: A Controversial Relationship, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Israel and Palestine: Two States for Two Peoples, at Sesc Pompéia
2004 - Campinas SP - Metrópolis Contemporary Art Collection, at Espaço Cultural CPFL
2004 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Contemporary Brazilian Art in Rio Collections, at MAM/RJ
2004 - São Paulo SP - 450 X 45, at Nova André Galeria
2004 - São Paulo SP - Group Show of Contemporary Artists, at Esporte Clube Sírio
2004 - São Paulo SP - The Price of Seduction: From Corset to Silicone, at Itaú Cultural
2004 - São Paulo SP - The Biennials: A Look at Brazilian Production 1951/2002, at Galeria Bergamin
2005 - São Paulo SP - Art in Metrópolis, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2005 - Curitiba PR - Art in Metrópolis, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2005 - Belo Horizonte MG - Collection Group Show 2005, at Galeria Murilo Castro
2005 - São Paulo SP - Urban Views, at Espaço Cultural Citibank
2005 - São Paulo SP - The Pleasure Is Ours, at Galeria Brasiliana
2006 - São Paulo SP - Football and Art, at Espaço Cultural Vivo
2006 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Football: Drawing on a Green Background, at CCBB
2006 - São Paulo SP - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Pinacoteca do Estado
2006 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
2006 - Berlin (Germany) - The Eleven: Football and Art, at Embaixada do Brasil na Alemanha
2007 - Salvador BA - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/BA
2007 - Belo Horizonte MG - Collection Group Show, at Galeria Murilo Castro
2007 - Curitiba PR - A Century of Brazilian Art - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2007 - São Paulo SP - The 1970s - Art as Question, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
Source: Itaú Cultural
