Carlos Fajardo (São Paulo SP 1941)
Carlos Fajardo is a multimedia artist. Between 1963 and 1972, he attended the Architecture course at Mackenzie University, in São Paulo. In the 1960s, he studied painting, drawing, visual communication and art history with Wesley Duke Lee, as well as contemporary music with Diogo Pacheco. In 1966, he participated in the creation of the Rex group alongside Wesley Duke Lee, Nelson Leirner, Frederico Nasser, Geraldo de Barros and José Resende, also becoming a co-editor of the Rex Time newspaper. 1970, founded the Escola Brasil: together with Luiz Paulo Baravelli, Frederico Nasser and José Resende. He studied metal engraving with Babinski and lithography with Regina Silveira. At the beginning of his career, he worked with different techniques, performing objects, paintings, collages, drawings and engravings. From 1981 onwards, he began to exhibit painting works composed of sets of canvases and painted wood surfaces, only supported by the walls, creating a space between the planes.
Later, he turned to sculpture, exploring issues such as weight, gravity and support of works on the ground. In 1987, he was awarded the Ivan Serpa bag from Funarte and, in 1989, with the Vitae Arts Exchange. Since 1996, he has taught at the Department of Fine Arts of the School of Communications and Arts of the University of São Paulo (ECA/USP). Painting, visual communication and art history, Wesley Duke Lee (1931 -2010). It begins with the drawing, which, according to the artist, at the time, "is the basic support of his plastic reasoning".1 In 1966, he began to do figurative work on modified surfaces and participates in the creation of the Rex group. For an exhibition of the group, he makes the Neutral sculpture (1966), a hub with transparent acrylic plates. For the first time, his work dispenses with the figuration and marks of artistic making. The cube is built based on an objective relationship with the materials and follows an instruction guide created by the artist. This distant relationship with the work is influenced by minimalism, especially by Donald Judd (1928 - 1994). In the series, the shapes are repeated with different colors, without the slightest trace of crafts. With impersonal procedures, Fajardo composes the paintings. With colleagues Luiz Paulo Baravelli (1942), Frederico Nasser (1945) and José Resende (1945), founded, in 1970, the Escola Brasil:. Activities as a teacher take up much of your time. From 1977 onwards, he paints a series of canvases with figures of women, such as three hours/different people/in Santos/outside home.
In 1981, Fajardo assumes a new relationship with painting. Its surfaces grow and are divided into juxtaposed parts. The unit is formed based on the relationship of one part to the other. Some of these works are exhibited at the 16th São Paulo International Biennial. According to the artist, at that time his work "(...) starts to request large extensions. It is necessary to relate to him in his physical aspects and take into account the distance he has between things."3 From then on his production is between painting, sculpture and installation. Articulates the objects with each other in space and incorporates the interval between the pieces. When commenting on his 1989 exhibition at the Art Office Raquel Arnaud, art critic Rodrigo Naves states that the exhibition "presupposes the close interaction of the works and not just the lazy juxtaposition of isolated productions".4
From the decade onwards From 1990, he incorporates the most diverse materials and procedures to his work. In 1998, he defends a doctoral thesis at the School of Communications and Arts of the University of São Paulo - ECA/USP. In 2003, he held the poetic retrospective exhibition of distance, which passes through several Brazilian cities.
Notes
1 Carlos Fajardo's statement to Sônia Salzstein in an interview held between September and November 2002, published In: FAJARDO, Carlos. poetics of distance. São Paulo: Petrobras, 2003. p. 14.
2 idem p.15 - 16.
3 idem p. 20.
4 NAVES, Rodrigo. Fajardo exposes the solitude of contemporary art. Folha de S. Paulo. Sao Paulo, 02 by Mar. 1989. Illustrated, p. 1.
Criticism
"Fuly disregarding the question for its origin, Fajardo's objects place their genesis in the excess of their presence. What is behind these phenomena is strictly the same thing who presents himself so immediately to us. And yet, in the midst of this impassible solidity, unaccounted for impulses slide that completely detach from the materials that generate them - an estrangement between the stimulus and its source. of the sensations, more than their source. Oblivious to the environment that surrounds them, the sensations are dealt with a radical lassitude that provokes a true abstraction of the senses".
Rodrigo Naves
Naves, Rodrigo. A sea of back. Art Cabinet: Victor Grippo, Hercules Barsotti, Marco do Valle, Eduardo Sued, Carlos Fajardo. São Paulo: Cabinet de Arte Raquel Arnaud, 1984.
"His works move through the limits of art, as Walter Zanini wrote: 'The theoretical position incisively governs the behavior of Carlos Fajardo, interested in Propose an opening to other structures of definition of art. It creates new and delicate relationships between work and spectator (...)'. (...) The work itself is its field of action. Sound, heat, light, movement are attributed to traditionally silent, immobile, cold pieces, forcing a tension Between the intrinsic physicality of the object (iron, plastic, etc. ) and the result. And time, through its natural action on matter, is called to affect, as in its concrete hub, transforming it. (...) Frederico Morais observed about Fajardo: '(...) he paints with his eyes, that is, he chooses the painting where it is found, or rather, in the materials used in the construction of things that are not painting. (...) Formica plates, iron plates or air mattresses. It limits itself to bringing them together, to arming with them certain chromatic equations (...) between the heavy iron plate (and this sensation is purely visual) and the light of the colored plastic mattresses, between full and empty (...)'".
Gabriela S. Wilder
Searching for Essence: Elements of Reduction in Brazilian Art. Presentation by Sheila Leirner. Text by Gabriela S. Wilder. São Paulo: Fundação Bienal, 1987. (XIX São Paulo International Biennial, 1987).
"Carlos Fajardo's sculptures are traps for capturing the gaze. The tendency of the look is to run continuously through space, rebutting on the body of things, engaging or running fast along its contours, sliding into the turned limits of the topography of the world. More ethereal of the senses, the gaze spreads through transparencies and only stagnates when confronted with the opaque. You can then retreat, opt for another direction or take advantage of its liquid nature and run through the cracks and limits until it reaches the light. But Fajardo's sculptures function as treacherous bodies that entangle the gaze on their surfaces, inject him with gravity, forcing him to land and spend time on a patient and problematic scrutiny. In Carlos Fajardo's poetics, three logics converge: that of the occupation of space, that of the surface and that of the formalizing gesture. They compete with each other for the assault on the eye of the spectator. (...) The logic of inserting your works within the space, whether it be an architectural environment or a landscape, is thought of rigorously with the purpose of destroying any a priori pretension of the eye, accustomed to wanting to control everything from its comfortable position to Knight".
Agnaldo Farias
FARIAS, Agnaldo. FAJARDO, Carlos Fajardo. Text by Agnaldo Farias. Venice: International Art Exhibition, 1993. N. p. 45. Venice Biennale.
Testimonies
"The work of an artist consists of a coherent body of subjects dealt with during his journey. Looking at the set of my works inserted in this text, I perceive, even more clearly, the marked changes and transformations, the undifferentiated use I make of two-dimensionality and three-dimensionality and wonder where, in this path, I recognize a topography, the landscapes and the points of I find that I am familiar with, that is, what is common in my works that give it the name of work?
I recognize, then, that at least one subject is present in all of them and that, perhaps, this is what gives them unity and permanence: the treatment of the surface. I think that, in painting, the surface is a kind of trap for color and color moves, following my work, from the pigment to the texture of the materials. I recognize, then, that it is these transformations in the treatment of the surface that take me to the three-dimensional, to the installations, to the physical space that is, in short, the skin of the world".
Carlos Fajardo
FAJARDO, Carlos. Visual Poetics: Depth and Surface. São Paulo: USP. ECA, 1998. p. 58. (Doctoral Thesis)
Carves
Acervo Art Museum of Rio Grande do Sul Ado Malagoli - Margs - Porto Alegre RS
Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of São Paulo - MAC/USP - São Paulo SP
Museum of Modern Art of São Paulo Paulo - MAM/SP - São Paulo SP
Collection Museum of Modern Art of Rio de Janeiro - MAM/RJ - Rio de Janeiro RJ
Demócrito Rocha Foundation - Fortaleza CE
José Pancetti Museum of Contemporary Art - MACC - Campinas SP
São Paulo Museum of Art Assis Chateaubriand - MASP - São Paulo SP
Individual exhibitions
1978 - São Paulo SP - Individual - Paintings, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1980 - São Paulo SP - Individual - Collages, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1980 - São Paulo SP - Individual - Engravings, at Galeria Universo
1983 - São Paulo SP - Individual - Paintings, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1984 - Niterói RJ - Painting, Na UFF Art Gallery
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Fajardo, at MAM/RJ
1984 - São Paulo SP - Fajardo, at MAC/USP
1984 - São Paulo SP - Sculpture, in the cabinet de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Sculpture Cycle - Installation, at the Sérgio Milliet/Funarte Gallery
1988 - Vitória ES - Installation, at the Usina gallery
1989 - São Paulo SP - Individual, at the Art Cabinet Raquel Arnaud
1991 - São Paulo SP - Carlos Fajardo: Sculptures, at the Art Cabinet Raquel Arnaud
1991 - São Paulo SP - Installation, in the chapel of Morumbi
1992 - Asunción (Paraguay) - Sculptures, at the Center for Brazilian Studies - Embassy of Brazil
1992 - Pelotas RS - Installation, at UFRGS
1992 - Porto Alegre RS - Contemporary Brazilian Art Project - Sculpture and installation, at the Casa de Cultura Mario Quintana
1992 - São Paulo SP - Individual, at the André Millan Gallery
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Direct Objects, at the Paulo Fernandes Gallery
1997 - São Paulo SP - Individual: Sculptures and Drawings, at A.S Studio
1998 - São Paulo SP - Visual Poetics: Depth and Surface, at Paço das Artes
1999 - Vitória ES - Installation, at the Art Gallery and Research of the Art Center/UFES
2000 - São Paulo SP - Sculptures, at the Millan Gallery - Rua Fradique Coutinho
2003 - Porto Alegre RS - Poetics of distance, at Margs
2003 - Recife PE - Poetics of distance, in the MAM/PE
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Poetics of Distance, at the Art Center Hélio Oiticica
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Poetics of distance, at MAM/RJ
2003 - Salvador BA - Poetics of Distance, MAM/BA
2003 - São Paulo SP - Individual, at Dan Galeria
2003 - São Paulo SP - Poetics of Distance, at Pinacoteca do Estado
Collective exhibitions
1966 - São Paulo SP - Discovery of America, at Rex Gallery
1966 - São Paulo SP - Flash Back, at Rex Gallery
1966 - São Paulo SP - Galeria Rex: Inaugural Exhibition, at Rex gallery & Sons
1967 - São Paulo SP - 1st Young Contemporary Art, at MAC/USP
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9th São Paulo International Biennial, at the Biennial Foundation
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Baravelli, Fajardo, Nasser and Resende, at Petite Galerie
1968 - São Paulo SP - Baravelli, Fajardo, Nasser and Resende, at Art-Art Gallery
1968 - São Paulo SP - Grupo Rex
1970 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Baravelli, Fajardo, Nasser and Resende, at MAM/RJ
1970 - São Paulo SP - Baravelli, Fajardo, Nasser and Resende, in the MAC/USP
1971 - Assumption (Paraguay) - Carlos Fajardo, Frederico Nasser, Luiz Paulo Baravelli, at the Brazilian Cultural Mission Gallery
1972 - Asunción (Paraguay) - Luiz Paulo Baravelli, Frederico Nasser, José Resende and Carlos Fajardo, at the Brazilian Cultural Mission Gallery
1972 - São Paulo SP - 1st National Biennial of São Paulo, at the Bienal Foundation - Guest Artist
1972 - São Paulo SP - Art/Brazil Today: 50 years later, at Galeria Collectio
1972 - São Paulo SP - Sesquicentennial Art Exhibition of Independence and Plastic Brazil - 72, at Fundação Bienal
1973 - Campinas SP - 9th Campinas Contemporary Art Salon, at MAC/Campinas - Guest Artist
1973 - São Paulo SP - 5th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art: Paintings, at MAM/SP
1974 - São Paulo SP - Galeria Luisa Strina: Show Inaugural, at Galeria Luisa Strina
1974 - Campinas SP - 9th Salon of Contemporary Art in Campinas, at MAC/Campinas - Guest Artist
1976 - São Paulo SP - Art in the Centro Campestre, in the Sesc/Pompéia
1978 - São Paulo SP - The object in the art: Brazil 60s, at MAB/FAAP
1978 - Venice (Italy) - 39th Venice Biennial
1978 - São Paulo SP - Papers & cia, at Paço das Artes
1979 - São Paulo SP - Drawing as an instrument, at the Pinacoteca do Estado
1979 - São Paulo SP - back to the figure: the 60's, at the Lasar Segall Museum
1981 - São Paulo SP - 16th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1981 - São Paulo SP - Contemporary Brazilian artists, at the São Paulo Art Office
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - between Mancha and A Figure, at MAM/RJ
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 3 x 4 Large Formats, at the Galeria do Centro Empresarial Rio
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Madeira, Matter of Art, at MAM/RJ
1984 - São Paulo SP - Tradition and Rupture: Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture, at Fundação Bienal
1984 - São Paulo SP - Victor Grippo, Hércules Barsotti, Marco do Valle, Eduardo Sued, Carlos Fajardo, at the Art Office
1985 - Niterói RJ - A light on the city, at the UFF Gallery
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 8th Visual Arts Salon, at Funarte
1985 - São Paulo SP - 16th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art: Three-dimensional Forms, at MAM/SP
1985 - São Paulo SP - Artist Book Trends in Brazil, at CCSP
1986 - Fortaleza CE - 1st International Exhibition of Ephemera Sculptures, Fundação Demócrito Rocha
1986 - Porto Alegre RS - 1st Festival of Arts of the City of Porto Alegre
1986 - São Paulo SP - The new dimension of the object, at MAC/USP
1986 - São Paulo SP - Pedra Dura in Molha water, Tano beats until it lasts, at the Brazilian House Museum
1987 - Porto Alegre RS - 2nd Porto Alegre City Arts Festival, at the Porto Alegre City Hall Free Atelier
1987 - São João Del Rei MG - 19th UFMG Winter Festival
1987 - São Paulo SP - 19th São Paulo International Biennial - In Search of Essence, at the Bienal Foundation
1988 - Poços de Caldas MG - 20th Winter Festival of UFMG
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Exhibition of the prototypes of the contest A sculpture for the sea of Angra, on the EAV/Parque Lage
1988 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - A sculpture for the sea of Angra, in the EAV/Parque Lage
1988 - São Paulo SP - 63/66 Figure and object, at the Millan Gallery
1989 - Nova Almeida ES - 1st UFES Summer Festival
1989 - São Paulo SP - 10 sculptors, at the Art Office Raquel Arnaud
1989 - São Paulo SP - Painting Brazil 19th and 20th Century: Works from the Banco Itaú Collection, at the Itaú Cultural Gallery
1990 - Caxias do Sul RS - Drawings, at the University de Caxias do Sul
1990 - Nova Almeida ES - 2nd UFES Summer Festival
1991 - Curitiba PR - 48th Salão Paranaense, at MAC/PR
1991 - Los Angeles (States United States) - Los Angeles International Art Fair
1991 - São Paulo SP - 22nd Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1991 - São Paulo SP - National x International in Brazilian Art, at the Paço das Artes
1992 - Campinas SP - Awarded at the Salons of Contemporary Art of Campinas, at Macc
1992 - Curitiba PR - 2nd Winter Festival, at UFPR
1992 - Niterói RJ - UFF Art Gallery: 10 years, at the UFF Art Gallery
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st on the way to Niterói: João Sattamini Collection, in the Imperial Palace
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Gravity and appearance, in the MNBA
1992 - São Paulo SP - The Seduction of Volumes: The Three-Dimensionals of MAC, at MAC/USP
1992 - São Paulo SP - Annual Program for Plastic Arts Exhibition, at CCSP
1993 - Antonina PR - 3rd Winter Festival
1993 - Bogotá (Colombia) - Collective, at the Luiz Angel Arango Library
1993 - Caracas (Venezuela) - Cartographies, at the Museo Alejandro Otero
1993 - Niterói RJ - 2nd on the way to Niterói: João Sattamini Collection, at MAC/Niterói
1993 - Ottawa (Canada) - Cartographies, in National Gallery of Canada
1993 - Winnipeg (Canada) - Cartographies, at Winnipeg Art Gallery
1993 - São Paulo SP - The seduction of volumes MAC/USP
1993 - São Paulo SP - The Cardinal Points of Art, at Casa das Rosas
1993 - Venice (Italy) - 45th Venice Biennale
1994 - Londrina PR - 3rd Art Week in Londrina, at the Art Museum of Londrina
1994 - New York (United States) - Cartographies, at the Bronx Museum
1994 - Ouro Preto MG - Winter Festival of the UFMG
1994 - São Paulo SP - 1st Art City: City without windows, at the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Vila Mariana
1994 - São Paulo SP - Bienal Brasil Século 20th, at the Bienal Foundation
1994 - Uberlândia MG - Festival of the City of Uberlândia, at UFU
1995 - Londrina PR - Brazilian Art: Confrontations and Contrasts, at the International Pavilion Octávio Cesário Pereira Júnior
1995 - Madrid (Spain) - Cartographies, at Fundación La Caixa
1995 - São Paulo SP - 24th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP - Price Waterhouse Award
1995 - São Paulo SP - The drawing in São Paulo 1956-1995, at the Nara Roesler Gallery
1996 - Londrina PR - 5th Week of Art of Londrina
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Direct Objects, at the Paulo Fernandes Gallery
1996 - São Paulo SP - O Excess - Installation, in the Paço das Artes
1996 - São Paulo SP - Collective, at the Millan Gallery - Rua Fradique Coutinho, Espaço 0x
1997 - Belo Horizonte MG - 25th National Salon of Belo Horizonte Art
1997 - Nova Almeida ES - UFES Summer Festival
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - 1st Mercosul Visual Arts Biennial, at the Mercosul Biennial Visual Arts Foundation
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Constructive and Design Side, at the ULBRA Cultural Space
1997 - São Paulo SP - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1997 - São Paulo SP - 2nd National Exhibition de Vitrines, at Morumbi Shopping
1997 - São Paulo SP - Ao Cubo, at Paço das Artes
1997 - São Paulo SP - Art in Motion: Interactive Workshops, at Sesc/Pompéia
1997 - São Paulo SP - Diversity of contemporary Brazilian sculpture, on Avenida Paulista - Ministry of Culture/Itaú Cultural
1997 - São Paulo SP - Three-dimensionality in Brazilian art of the 20th century, at Itaú Cultural
1997 - São Paulo SP - United Artists III - Luz, at Casa das Rosas
1998 - Belo Horizonte MG - 25th Belo Horizonte National Art Salon, at MAP
1998 - Belo Horizonte MG - Three-dimensionality in Brazilian art of the 20th century, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - Brasília DF - Three-dimensionality in Brazilian art of the 20th century, in Itaugaleria
1998 - Maracaibo (Venezuela) - 3rd Barro de América Biennial, at the Art Center of Maracaibo Lia Bermúdez
1998 - Niterói RJ - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, MAC/USP
1998 - Penápolis SP - Three-dimensionality in Brazilian art of the 20th century, at Itaufgaleria
1998 - Recife PE - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAM/PE
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 16th National Salon of Plastic Arts, at Funarte - Guest Artist
1998 - Salvador BA - 25th Panorama of Brazilian Art, at MAM/BA
1998 - São Paulo SP - 24th São Paulo International Biennial, at the Biennial Foundation
1998 - São Paulo SP - 1970s, at the Art Gallery of São Paulo
1998 - São Paulo SP - Fronteiras, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - São Paulo SP - Navigate is necessary, in the CCSP
1998 - São Paulo SP - Bienal Barro de América Roberto Guevara, in the Latin America Memorial
1998 - Maracaibo (Venezuela) - Barro de América Bienal, at the Maracaibo Art Center Lia Bermúdez
1998 - São Paulo SP - Talent Bank, Febraban
1999 - São Paulo SP - Daily life/art. The technique - Art Machines, at Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - Contemporary Heritages III, at MAC/USP
1999 - São Paulo SP - Expanded Territory, at Sesc Pompéia
2000 - Curitiba PR - 12th Exhibition of the Engraving City of Curitiba. body marks, folds of the soul
2000 - Novo Hamburgo RS - Traveling exhibition of the MAC collection, at Centro Universitário Feevale
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Situations: Brazilian Art - 70's, at Fundação Casa France-Brazil
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brazil + 500 Rediscovery Exhibition. Contemporary Art, at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - New work, at MAC/USP
2001 - Goiânia GO - 1st National Art Salon of Goiás, at Flamboyant Shopping Center
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The spirit of our time, at MAM/RJ
2001 - São Paulo SP - 70s: trajectories, at Itaú Cultural
2001 - São Paulo SP - The spirit of our time, at MAM/SP
2001 - São Paulo SP - Trajectory of light in Brazilian art, at Itaú Cultural
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Caminhos do Contemporânea 1952-2002, at Paço Imperial
2002 - São Paulo SP - 25th São Paulo International Biennial - Special Room, at Fundação Bienal
2002 - São Paulo SP - 4th ArtecidadeZonhalez, at SESC/Belenzinho
2002 - São Paulo SP - Open Opera: Celebration, at Casa das Rosas
2003 - Recife PE - See again/see the new, at MAMAM
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Grupo Rex/Escola Brasil, at MAM/RJ
2003 - São Paulo SP - Estética do Fluid, at Espaço MAM - Villa-Lobos
2003 - São Paulo SP - MAC USP 40 years: Contemporary Interfaces, at MAC/USP
2003 - São Paulo SP - My friends, at Espaço MAM - Villa-Lobos
2004 - Madrid (Spain) - ARCO/2004, at Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I
2004 - São Paulo SP - Contemporary Art at the Municipal Collection, at the CCSP
Source: Itaú cultural
