Claudio Tozzi (São Paulo, SP, 1944)
Cláudio Tozzi is a visual artist and holds a master's degree in architecture from the School of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of São Paulo (FAU/USP). From his earliest works, Tozzi demonstrated the influence of pop art, using images taken from mass media. This can be seen in the painting series "Bandido da Luz Vermelha" (1967), which references the language of comic books. Throughout his career, the artist addressed political and urban themes, often incorporating new techniques into his work, such as screen printing. A defining moment in his career occurred in 1967, when his panel "Guevara Dead or Alive," exhibited at the National Salon of Contemporary Art, was destroyed with an axe by a radical far-right group, only to be restored by the artist himself.
In 1969, Tozzi traveled to Europe for studies, and it was from this moment on that his works began to demonstrate a greater concern with formal elaboration, abandoning the pamphlet-like character that characterized his earlier works. The 1970s were marked by his chromatic research, giving a new direction to his production. In the 1980s, his art expanded to new figurative themes, as can be seen in the parrot and coconut grove series. At the same time, Tozzi began adopting a tendency toward the geometrization of forms. To create his paintings, he used a rubber roller with a reticulated surface, which gave his works new characteristics, such as texture and volume. Furthermore, the artist began to explore abstract works, in which he investigated light and chromatic effects.
Tozzi also left his mark on public spaces in São Paulo, creating panels such as Zebra, installed on the side of a building in Praça da República, and others in locations such as the Sé Metro Station (1979) and the Barra Funda Metro Station (1989). Later, in 1995, he created a panel for the Cultura Inglesa building, and in 1998, another for the Maracanã Metro Station in Rio. His career is characterized by constant innovation and the interconnection of his works with the urban and public environment.
Critical Commentary
Claudio Tozzi began his career as a graphic artist. He won the poster competition for the 11th São Paulo Salon of Modern Art, held in 1962. In 1963, he began studying architecture, completing it in 1968, at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of São Paulo (FAU/USP). At the time, he painted extensively. His works featured symbols of consumer society, appearing as images or objects. He used traffic signs, flags, signs, advertisements, and comic books, removing them from their context and giving them new meanings. He was influenced by Sérgio Ferro (1938), Flávio Império (1935-1985), and Maurício Nogueira Lima (1930-1999), whose works demonstrate a convergence between Soviet poster design, Constructivist movements, and politically motivated pop vocabulary. Works such as Usa e Abusa (1966) and Paz (1963) are characteristic of the period.
Starting in 1967, he appropriated excerpts from comic books and gave them a critical meaning, under the influence of the American artist Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997), and created the paintings Até que Enfim (At Last) (1967) and Bandido da Luz Vermelha (Red Light Bandit) (1967). At the same time, he produced explicitly engaged works, such as Guevara Alive or Dead (1967) and A Prisão (The Prison) (1968). Some of these were shown in important exhibitions, such as the 9th São Paulo International Biennial in 1967, and group shows in London and Buenos Aires. In 1969, he shifted from social critique to research into forms, particularly the graphic and impersonal arrangement of figures. This reflection gave rise to the series Astronautas (Astronauts), Presilhas (Clips), and Parafusos (Screws). Curator Fábio Magalhães states that "the various approaches to the screw correspond to a process of reflection on the graphic and metaphorical possibilities of a single theme."1 In 1972, Tozzi created the Zebra panel in Praça da República, São Paulo. Two years later, he created canvases with organic materials, pigments, and objects evenly distributed in acrylic boxes. Some of the works were exhibited in the exhibition "Cor/Pigmento/Luz" at Galeria Bonfiglioli, in São Paulo, in 1975. The following year, he participated in the Venice Biennale.
Still in the 1970s, he created more conceptual works, combining painting with the use of words, as in "Dissociação das Cores" (1974) and "Colors" (1975), and created landscapes in which the reticulated application of paint creates regular zones of color. In 1979, he created the mural for the Sé subway station in São Paulo. The work gave rise to the "Patchwork" series of paintings, made with different color patterns. In the 1980s, the graphic painting technique was used to create geometric abstractions. In 1989, a monograph on his work was published, with text by Fábio Magalhães. Two years later, he exhibited at the 21st São Paulo International Biennial. In 1993, he presented a solo exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in Rio de Janeiro (MAM/RJ).
Notes
1. MAGALHÃES, Fábio. Work in Progress: 25 Years of Work by Claudio Tozzi. Fábio Magalhães. Rio de Janeiro, Revan, 1989. p. 40.
Reviews
"Like most artists of the 1960s, Claudio Tozzi's initial creations reflect the political and social aspects of the time. Art of combat and reflection, taken from newspaper headlines and expressed through comic strips and other pop art resources. Later, contact with reality becomes more critical, less immediate. Optical research and series such as the screws, engravings, and mobiles emerge, where Tozzi combines drawing and painting with objects of the technological age."
Pedro Manuel
ART in Brazil. Presentation by Pietro Maria Bardi and Pedro Manuel. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1979.
"Having chosen the icon, or rather reduced it to a cliché (first Che, then the screw, the zebra, the parrot, the tropics, the skyscraper, now the staircase), he magnifies it and then freezes it. He halts the movement, destroys the narrative, isolates, joins, repeats, twists, fragments, divides, adds, multiplies the angles, brings it to the foreground; in short, he treats the image with the coldness of an industrialist, of a designer, pursuing a kind of architecture of the image. His creative process is methodical and systematic: first the drawing on tracing paper, almost always starting from a photograph, then a project, finally the painting. (...) This materiality of color, this frozen image, also corresponds, in Tozzi, to the cutouts he introduces into the medium itself. (...) Privileging the image (its opacity) over the imaginary (its transparency), Tozzi shows a rigorous formalist, distancing himself from pop (with its sociological relais), moving through the conceptual until reaching constructive tendencies (minimal, support-surface)".
Frederico Morais
CLAUDIO Tozzi. Text by Frederico Morais. Rio de Janeiro: Galeria GB, 1985.
"Our time—it has been said—is one from which the gods have already departed or to which they have not yet arrived. An experience of abandonment and helplessness, Modernity begins with the advent of the sovereign rational Subject who knows nature and its laws, seeking for himself and for himself the principles of his certainties in the world. From the 17th century onward, knowing meant mastering everything that escapes man's hands—contingency in nature, chance in history, fortune—unstable and adverse temporality, in the realm of ethics and politics—attributing to them constancy, regularity, and order through the geometrization of space. The founding emblems of this universe are the sphere, the ruler, and the compass. 'Contemplative' science was followed by 'vita activa,' metaphorized by the artifacts that sustain the construction of a certain world amidst uncertain temporality. Man became its engineer, master of Nature and his own nature, himself 'an empire within an empire.' In the antithesis of a universe Self-confident and governed by the principle of sufficient reason, we find geometry—the central character in Claudio Tozzi's paintings. Orthogonal lines, steps and ladders, towers and lighthouses, however, are stripped of their function of guiding man; they do not point him in the right direction. Geometry, here, is not that of space and time, Heaven and Earth; everything wavers on a threshold. A moment of hesitation, the paintings do not suggest we inhabit them; a step remains suspended, undecided as to its outcome. Claudio reflects on time, starting from cities. If Godard's Alphaville, Ridley Scott's Blade Runner, and Paul Auster's The World Since the End present them as so uncomfortable, it is because they are untouched by any past. Claudio Tozzi, on the contrary, makes us think of the aporetic space of Zeno of Elea: Achilles, striding, does not outpace the tortoise, remaining motionless: the swift arrow, paralyzed at every instant of its trajectory—is an arrow that does not fly. Space and time, in the enigma of the division of infinity, fix the world on the first day of creation. Claudio's works invite us to interrogate the condition of modern man, indicating his metaphysical migration through non-Cartesian steps. The inaugural work of modernity, the Discourse on the Method, uses the metaphor of a ladder to construct the first rules for developing knowledge: 'always begin with the simplest and easiest things to know, and gradually rise, as if by steps, to the knowledge of the most complex.' Without recourse to reassuring rules, the universe created by Claudio is more of a course than a path; it is an anti-method since, unlike the straight line of Cartesian geometry, the paintings do not point to a path but rather drifts and deviations. Therefore, in certain canvases, we see the turns of screws metamorphosing into steps, steps into towers or lighthouses, in total imbalance. Anti-method transitions into anti-heroes. In the paintings, the crowd is as homogeneous as it is gray, with 'insignificant' faces and lives. Anonymous existences, Foucault tells us, 'only manifest themselves by stumbling upon power, debating with it, exchanging brief and shrill words,' before returning to the night (...). Infamy of simple and obscure men who owe only complaints, police reports, to being brought to light for an instant.'
Olgária Matos
TOZZI, Claudio. Geometries of Time. Presentation by Olgária Matos. São Paulo: Galeria de Arte São Paulo, 1998. n. p.
Solo Exhibitions
1971 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria Ars Mobile
1975 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria Alberto Bonfiglioli
1977 - Recife, PE - Solo show at Gatsby Arte
1977 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Renato Magalhães Gouvêa - Escritório de Arte
1978 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at EAV/Parque Lage
1979 - Ribeirão Preto, SP - Solo show at Itaúgaleria
1979 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Itaú Cultural
1979 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Renato Magalhães Gouvêa - Escritório de Arte
1980 - Brasília, DF - Solo show at Galeria Oscar Seraphico
1980 - Recife, PE - Solo show at Galeria Artespaço
1980 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Galeria Saramenha
1980 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Itaú Cultural
1980 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria Alberto Bonfiglioli
1981 - Curitiba, PR - Solo show at Momento Galeria Arte
1981 - Goiás, GO - Solo show at Galeria Casa Grande
1981 - Porto Alegre, RS - Solo show at Galeria Salamandra
1981 - Ribeirão Preto, SP - Solo show at Galeria Jardim Contemporâneo
1981 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Galeria Bonino
1981 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Gravura Brasileira Galeria de Arte
1982 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Solo show at Galeria Mandala
1982 - Brasília, DF - Solo show at Galeria Oscar Seraphico
1982 - São Carlos, SP - Solo show at Itaú
1982 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria Paulo Figueiredo
1982 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Auditório Campos do Jordão
1983 - Recife, PE - Solo show at Galeria Artespaço
1983 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Galeria Saramenha
1983 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria São Paulo
1984 - Salvador, BA - Solo show at Galeria de Arte Cavalete
1984 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1985 - Recife, PE - Solo show at Galeria Artespaço
1985 - São Bernardo do Campo, SP - Solo show at Centro Cultural
1985 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Mônica Filgueiras Galeria de Arte
1986 - Belém, PA - Solo show at Galeria Elf
1986 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Solo show at Galeria e Escola de Arte Gesto Gráfico
1986 - Cuiabá, MT - Solo show at Galeria Artcom
1986 - New York (United States) - Solo show at Art Studio
1986 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1986 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - Campinas, SP - Solo show at Galeria Croqui
1987 - Jundiaí, SP - Solo show at Museu Histórico de Jundiaí
1987 - Recife, PE - Solo show at Galeria Artespaço
1987 - Ribeirão Preto, SP - Solo show at Jardim Contemporâneo
1988 - Brasília, DF - Solo show at La Galleria
1988 - Salvador, BA - Solo show at Prova do Artista Galeria de Arte
1988 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1988 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1991 - Campinas, SP - Solo show at Galeria Croqui
1993 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at MAM/RJ
1993 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Museu da Casa Brasileira
1995 - Campinas, SP - Solo show at Galeria D, Centro Cultural de Campinas
1995 - Cuiabá, MT - Solo show at Só Vi Arte Galeria
1996 - São Paulo, SP - Uma Linha, at Espaço Cultural do Clube Monte Líbano
1997 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Galeria Coletânea
1997 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Hot Hat Design Estúdio E27
1997 - Uberlândia, MG - Solo show at Galeria Nasser
1998 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Solo show at Ibeu
1998 - São José dos Campos, SP - Solo show at Centro Cultural de São José dos Campos
1998 - São Paulo, SP - Geometrias do Tempo, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
2002 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Art on the Field, at Centro Cultural da Justiça Federal
2002 - São Paulo, SP - Claudio Tozzi: 22 pinturas e 3 objetos de 1963 a 2002, at Ricardo Camargo Galeria
2004 - Curitiba, PR - O Processo em Construção, at Casa Andrade Muricy
2004 - São Paulo, SP - Solo show at Espaço Cultural BM&F
Group Exhibitions
1962 - São Paulo, SP - 11th São Paulo Modern Art Salon – poster award
1967 - Brasília, DF - 4th Federal District Modern Art Salon, Teatro Nacional de Brasília
1967 - Campinas, SP - 3rd Campinas Contemporary Art Salon, MACC – gold medal
1967 - São Paulo, SP - 16th São Paulo Modern Art Salon
1967 - São Paulo, SP - 1st Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1967 - São Paulo, SP - 9th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1968 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Represented Brazil at the Codex Latin American Prize
1968 - London (England) - Group Exhibition, Lisson Gallery
1968 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 2nd Esso Salon of Young Artists, MAM/RJ
1968 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Flags in the Square, Praça General Osório
1968 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - The Brazilian Artist and Mass Iconography, Esdi
1968 - São Paulo, SP - 17th São Paulo Modern Art Salon – silver medal
1968 - São Paulo, SP - 2nd Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1969 - Campinas, SP - 5th Campinas Contemporary Art Salon, MACC – acquisition award
1969 - Porto Alegre, RS - 2nd Young Contemporary Art, Margs
1969 - São Paulo, SP - 10th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1969 - São Paulo, SP - 1st São Paulo Contemporary Art Salon, Masp
1969 - São Paulo, SP - 3rd Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1970 - Campinas, SP - 6th Campinas Contemporary Art Salon, MACC
1970 - Santo André, SP - 3rd Santo André Contemporary Art Salon, Paço Municipal
1970 - São Paulo, SP - 4th Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP – acquisition award
1971 - Barcelona (Spain) - International Sports Biennial
1971 - São Paulo, SP - 3rd Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1971 - São Paulo, SP - 5th Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1972 - São Paulo, SP - 2nd International Print Exhibition, MAM/SP
1972 - São Paulo, SP - 6th Young Contemporary Art, MAC/USP
1972 - São Paulo, SP - Brazilian Multiplied Art, Galeria Múltipla de Arte
1972 - São Paulo, SP - Art/Brazil/Today: 50 Years Later, Galeria da Collectio
1972 - São Paulo, SP - Brazilian Multiples, Galeria Múltipla de Arte
1973 - Brasília, DF - Architect Painters, Touring Club do Brasil
1973 - São Paulo, SP - 5th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1973 - São Paulo, SP - Expo-Projeção 73, Espaço Grife
1974 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Brazilian Avant-Garde, Centro de Arte y Comunicación, Cayc
1974 - London (England) - Systems Art in Latin America, Institute of Contemporary Art
1974 - São Paulo, SP - Prospectiva 74, MAC/USP
1975 - Penápolis, SP - 1st Northwest Visual Arts Salon, Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1975 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Communication According to Visual Artists
1975 - São Paulo, SP - New and Newest Brazilian Printmakers, MAC/USP
1975 - Spoleto (Italy) - Festival dei Due Mondi
1975 - Toronto (Canada) - 9th In Form All Art
1976 - Penápolis, SP - 2nd Northwest Visual Arts Salon, Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1976 - São Paulo, SP - 7th São Paulo Contemporary Art Salon, Paço das Artes
1976 - São Paulo, SP - 8th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1976 - São Paulo, SP - Art Now, MAM/SP
1976 - São Paulo, SP - National Biennial 76, Fundação Bienal
1976 - Venice (Italy) - 38th Venice Biennale, Brazilian Pavilion
1977 - Barcelona (Spain) - América Latina 76, Fundación Joan Miró
1977 - São Paulo, SP - 14th São Paulo International Biennial, Fundação Bienal
1977 - São Paulo, SP - 9th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1978 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - 15 Young Artists from Brazil, Museo de Arte Moderno de Buenos Aires
1978 - Penápolis, SP - 3rd Northwest Visual Arts Salon, Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1978 - São Paulo, SP - 15 Young Artists from Brazil, MAB/Faap
1978 - São Paulo, SP - 16th Painting Exhibition: Art and Ecological Thought, Cetesb
1978 - São Paulo, SP - Art and Its Processes: Paper as Support, Pinacoteca do Estado
1978 - São Paulo, SP - The Object in Art: Brazil in the 1960s, MAB/Faap
1979 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Latin American Print Triennial, Salas Nacionales de Exposición
1979 - Curitiba, PR - 2nd Curitiba City Annual Print Exhibition, Centro de Criatividade de Curitiba
1979 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 2nd National Visual Arts Salon, MAM/RJ – travel award
1979 - São Paulo, SP - 11th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1979 - São Paulo, SP - Return to the Figure: The 1960s, Museu Lasar Segall
1980 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Hilton Painting Highlight, Fundação Clóvis Salgado. Palácio das Artes
1980 - Brasília, DF - Hilton Painting Highlight, Fundação Cultural do Distrito Federal
1980 - Curitiba, PR - Hilton Painting Highlight, Teatro Guaíra
1980 - Paris (France) - 11th Biennale de Paris
1980 - Penápolis, SP - 4th Northwest Visual Arts Salon, Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1980 - Porto Alegre, RS - Hilton Painting Highlight, Margs
1980 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Hilton Painting Highlight, MAM/RJ
1980 - São Paulo, SP - 12th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, MAM/SP
1980 - São Paulo, SP - 1st Alberto Santos Dumont National Visual Arts Salon, Parque do Ibirapuera
1980 - São Paulo, SP - Evandro Carlos Jardim and Claudio Tozzi, MAC/USP
1980 - São Paulo, SP - Landscape Painters, Galeria de Arte André
1981 - Guarujá, SP - 4 Painters, Hotel Jequitimar
1981 - Medellín (Colombia) - 4th Medellín Biennial, Museo de Antioquia
1981 - São Paulo, SP - Arcangelo Ianelli, Tomie Ohtake and Cláudio Tozzi, Grifo Galeria de Arte
1981 - São Paulo, SP - Contemporary Brazilian Artists, Escritório de Arte São Paulo
1982 - Bauru, SP - 80 Years of Brazilian Art
1982 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Brazil: 60 Years of Modern Art – Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
1982 - London (United Kingdom) - Brazil: 60 Years of Modern Art – Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Barbican Art Gallery
1982 - Marília, SP - 80 Years of Brazilian Art
1982 - New York (United States) - Exhibition, at Kouros Gallery
1982 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Football: Interpretations, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1982 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - The Universe of Football, at MAM/RJ and Acervo Galeria de Arte
1982 - São Paulo, SP - 80 Years of Brazilian Art, at MAB/Faap
1983 - Belo Horizonte, MG - 80 Years of Brazilian Art, at Fundação Clóvis Salgado, Palácio das Artes
1983 - Campinas, SP - 80 Years of Brazilian Art, at MACC
1983 - Curitiba, PR - 80 Years of Brazilian Art, at MAC/PR
1983 - Ribeirão Preto, SP - 80 Years of Brazilian Art
1983 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 6th National Salon of Visual Arts, at MAM/RJ
1983 - Santo André, SP - 80 Years of Brazilian Art, at Prefeitura Municipal de Santo André
1983 - São Paulo, SP - 14th Panorama of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1983 - São Paulo, SP - Art on the Street 1, organized by MAC/USP and presented on billboards across the city
1983 - São Paulo, SP - Avenida Paulista, at Galeria Sesc Paulista
1983 - São Paulo, SP - Palmeira, at Galeria Alberto Bonfiglioli
1983 - São Paulo, SP - Project Re-reading, at Pinacoteca do Estado
1984 - Curitiba, PR - Simões de Assis Galeria de Arte: Inaugural Exhibition, at Simões de Assis Galeria de Arte
1984 - Gelsenkirchen (Germany) - Group Exhibition, at Museum Gelsenkirchen
1984 - Ourinhos, SP - Tribute to the Art of Printmaking in Brazil, at Itaugaleria
1984 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Active Brazilian Painting, at Espaço Petrobras
1984 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Viva a Pintura, at Petite Galerie
1984 - São Paulo, SP - Urban and Industrial Dimensions in Paulista Figurative Painting, at Traço Galeria de Arte
1984 - São Paulo, SP - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection: Portrait and Self-Portrait of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1984 - São Paulo, SP - Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - Atami (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - Brasília, DF - Brazilianness and Independence, at Teatro Nacional de Brasília - Fundação Cultural de Brasília
1985 - Kyoto (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - Penápolis, SP - 6th Northwest Fine Arts Salon, at Fundação Educacional de Penápolis, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1985 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1985 - São Paulo, SP - 18th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - São Paulo, SP - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, at Fundação Brasil-Japão
1985 - São Paulo, SP - 7th Contemporary Brazilian Art Painters, at Galeria de Arte Portal
1985 - São Paulo, SP - Art and Technology, at MAC/USP
1985 - São Paulo, SP - Art New Media/Multimedia: Brazil 70/80, at MAB/Faap
1985 - São Paulo, SP - Highlights of Contemporary Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1985 - Tokyo (Japan) - 7th Brazil-Japan Fine Arts Exhibition
1986 - Havana (Cuba) - 2nd Havana Biennial
1986 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Seven Decades of Italian Presence in Brazilian Art, at Paço Imperial
1986 - São Paulo, SP - The City Through the Eyes of Eight Artists, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1986 - São Paulo, SP - Volpi Permanence and Matrix: Seven Artists from São Paulo, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - Belo Horizonte, MG - Ivald Granato, Rubens Gerchman, Claudio Tozzi, at Galeria e Escola de Arte Gesto Gráfico
1987 - Paris (France) - São Paulo - Rio - Paris, at Galerie 1900-2000
1987 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - To the Collector: Homage to Gilberto Chateaubriand, at MAM/RJ
1987 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Rio de Janeiro, February, March: From Modernism to the Generation of the 80s, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1987 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - São Paulo - Rio - Paris, at Montesanti Galleria
1987 - São Paulo, SP - 20th Contemporary Art Exhibition, at Chapel Art Show
1987 - São Paulo, SP - The Craft of Art: Painting, at Sesc
1987 - São Paulo, SP - São Paulo - Rio - Paris, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1987 - São Paulo, SP - Working with the Medium: Painting, Cut-Outs and Objects, at Documenta Galeria de Arte
1988 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 88 x 68: A Balance of the Years
1988 - São Paulo, SP - 63/66 Figure and Object, at Galeria Millan
1988 - São Paulo, SP - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Sesc Pompéia
1989 - Copenhagen (Denmark) - Rhythms and Forms: Contemporary Brazilian Art, at Charlottenborg Museum
1989 - Denmark - Modern Brasiliansk Billedkunst
1989 - São Paulo, SP - 20th São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1989 - São Paulo, SP - Acervo, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1990 - Brasília, DF - Pantanal: Seven Visions, at Visual Galeria de Arte
1990 - Curitiba, PR - 1st Brazilian Design Biennial
1990 - Curitiba, PR - 9th Curitiba City Printmaking Exhibition: Photomechanical Processes in Fine Art Printmaking, at Museu da Gravura
1991 - Santo André, SP - 19th Santo André Contemporary Art Salon, at Paço Municipal
1991 - São Paulo, SP - 21st São Paulo International Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1991 - São Paulo, SP - What Are You Doing Now Generation 60?: Young Contemporary Art of the 60s Revisited, at MAC/USP
1992 - Brasília DF - 43rd April Salon, at ECT Galeria de Arte
1992 - Campinas SP - Award Winners of the Campinas Contemporary Art Salons, at MACC
1992 - Fortaleza CE - 43rd April Salon, at Museu de Arte da UFC
1992 - Recife PE - 43rd April Salon, at Galeria Metropolitana de Arte
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Eco Art, at MAM/RJ
1992 - São Paulo SP - 43rd April Salon, at Casa das Rosas
1992 - São Paulo SP - The 60s/70s: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection - MAM/RJ, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1993 - Fortaleza CE - 23 Years, at Galeria Ignez Fiuza
1994 - Poços de Caldas MG - Unibanco Collection: Exhibition Commemorating 70 Years of Unibanco, at Casa da Cultura de Poços de Caldas
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 2nd Visual Arts Exhibition: Space, at Centro Cultural dos Correios
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Trenches: Art and Politics in Brazil, at MAM/RJ
1994 - São Paulo SP - Flags: 60 Artists Pay Tribute to the 60th Anniversary of USP, at MAC/USP
1994 - São Paulo SP - 20th Century Brazil Biennial, at Fundação Bienal
1994 - São Paulo SP - Claudio Tozzi, Ivald Granato, Cleber Machado, Maurício Nogueira Lima, Rubens Gerchman, Siron Franco and Tomshige Kusuno, at A Hebraica
1994 - São Paulo SP - Passport to the Year 2000, at Estação Júlio Prestes
1995 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Unibanco Collection: Exhibition Commemorating 70 Years of Unibanco, at MAM/RJ
1995 - São Paulo SP - 1st United Artists, at Casa das Rosas
1995 - São Paulo SP - Drawing in São Paulo: 1956-1995, at Galeria Nara Roesler
1995 - São Paulo SP - Contact Project, at Galeria Sesc Paulista
1995 - São Paulo SP - Visual Road, at Renato Magalhães Gouvêa - Escritório de Arte
1996 - Palmas TO - Inaugural Exhibition, at Espaço Cultural de Palmas
1996 - Porto Alegre RS - 1st Sesc Escultura: International Outdoor Sculpture Exhibition, at Sesc Campestre
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st Brahma Reciclarte, at Jardim Botânico
1996 - São Paulo SP - 1st Off Bienal, at MuBE
1996 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art: 50 Years of History in the MAC/USP Collection: 1920-1970, at MAC/USP
1996 - São Paulo SP - Flags, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1996 - São Paulo SP - The World of Mario Schenberg, at Casa das Rosas
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Exhibition from the Caixa Collection, at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
1997 - Porto Alegre RS - Parallel Exhibition, at Museu da Caixa Econômica Federal
1997 - São Paulo SP - Exhibition from the Caixa Collection, at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
1997 - São Paulo SP - Visions of the Contemporary Multiple, at Galeria Múltipla
1998 - Curitiba PR - Exhibition from the Caixa Collection, at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Exhibition from the Caixa Collection, at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Thirty Years of '68, at CCBB
1998 - São Paulo SP - Elective Affinities I: The Collector's Eye, at Casa das Rosas
1998 - São Paulo SP - The Seventies, at Galeria São Paulo
1998 - São Paulo SP - Figurations: 30 Years in Brazilian Art, at MAC/USP
1998 - São Paulo SP - Frontiers, at Itaú Cultural
1998 - São Paulo SP - Impressions: The Art of Brazilian Printmaking, at Espaço Cultural Banespa-Paulista
1998 - São Paulo SP - The Modern and the Contemporary in Brazilian Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection - MAM/RJ, at Masp
1999 - Salvador BA - 60 Years of Brazilian Art, at Espaço Cultural da Caixa Econômica Federal
1999 - São Paulo SP - Everyday/Art. Consumption, at Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - United Artists: Journeys of Identities, at Casa das Rosas
2000 - Belém PA - Arte Pará 2000, at Museu de Arte de Belém
2000 - Belo Horizonte MG - Investigations. Brazilian Printmaking. Are They or Are They Not Prints, at Itaú Cultural
2000 - Brasília DF - Investigations. Brazilian Printmaking. Are They or Are They Not Prints, at Itaú Cultural
2000 - Lisbon (Portugal) - 20th Century: Art from Brazil, at Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian - Centro de Arte Moderna José de Azeredo Perdigão
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brazil + 500 Rediscovery Exhibition, at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - Pirelli Collection in the MAM Holdings: Brazilian Art in the 1960s, at MAM/SP
2000 - São Paulo SP - Sociarte Group Show, at Clube Atlético Monte Líbano. Espaço Cultural
2000 - São Paulo SP - The Role of Art, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
2001 - Osasco SP - Three Contemporaries, at Centro Universitário Fieo
2001 - São Paulo SP - Art Today, at Arvani Arte
2001 - São Paulo SP - Museu de Arte Brasileira: 40 Years, at MAB/Faap
2001 - São Paulo SP - X Poetics, at A Hebraica
2002 - Londrina PR - Are They or Are They Not Prints?, at Museu de Arte de Londrina
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Art on the Field, at Centro Cultural da Justiça Federal
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Paths of the Contemporary 1952-2002, at Paço Imperial
2002 - São Paulo SP - 8 Contemporary Brazilian Artists, at Casa das Rosas
2002 - São Paulo SP - Cityproject / Cityexperience, at Espaço MAM/Villa-Lobos
2002 - São Paulo SP - Imaginary Mexico: The Brazilian Artist's Gaze, at Casa das Rosas
2002 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Multiples 30 Years Later, at Multipla de Arte
2002 - São Paulo SP - Open Opera: Celebration, at Casa das Rosas
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Art in Motion, at Espaço BNDES
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilianart Project, at Almacén Galeria de Arte
2003 - São Paulo SP - The Subversion of Media, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Arte & Artists: Exhibition of Nineteen Painters, at Masp. Galeria Prestes Maia
2003 - São Paulo SP - Art and Society: A Controversial Relationship, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Artknowledge: 70 Years of USP, at MAC/USP
2003 - São Paulo SP - Israel and Palestine: Two States for Two Peoples, at Sesc Pompéia
2004 - São Paulo SP - 450 X 45, at Nova André Galeria
2004 - São Paulo SP - Group Show of Contemporary Artists, at Esporte Clube Sírio
2004 - São Paulo SP - The Price of Seduction: From Corset to Silicone, at Itaú Cultural
