Jacques Douchez (Mâcon, França 1921 - São Paulo SP 2012)
Jacques Douchez was a tapestry maker and painter. He arrived in Brazil in 1947 and settled in São Paulo. From 1951, he was a member of the Atelier-Abstração, founded by Samson Flexor (1907 - 1971). In 1953, he took part with abstract paintings in the 2nd São Paulo Biennial and in the 1st Atelier-Abstração Exhibition, held at the Instituto dos Arquitetos do Brasil (IAB/SP). From 1957, he began producing tapestries and founded, with Norberto Nicola (1930 - 2007), the Ateliê Douchez-Nicola. He exhibited his tapestries at the 7th, 8th and 9th São Paulo Biennials. From 1961, he presented his work in solo exhibitions and in partnership with Nicola. Over time, his pieces evolved from the flat plane to three-dimensional forms. In 1974, he took part in the 1st Brazilian Tapestry Exhibition in São Paulo. During the 1970s and 1980s, he exhibited again at the São Paulo Biennial, the 3rd Medellín Biennial, the 7th Lausanne Tapestry Biennial, the 1st São Paulo Tapestry Triennial — where he won first prize —, the two following triennials and the Łódź Triennial.
He held several solo exhibitions. In 1980, the Ateliê Douchez-Nicola closed, but Douchez continued producing woven forms. In 1989, he presented the exhibition Jacques Douchez – Esculturas Tecidas [Jacques Douchez – Woven Sculptures] at Galeria Múltipla de Arte in São Paulo. From the 1990s, he returned to painting, keeping his tendency toward abstraction. In 2003, he held two major exhibitions: Plano e Relevo [Plane and Relief], at the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (Pesp), and Esculturas Tecidas, at the Espaço Cultural da BM&F Brasil, also in São Paulo.
Critical Commentary
Jacques Douchez's career began at the Atelier-Abstração, under the guidance of Samson Flexor (1907 - 1971). His paintings lie between geometric and lyrical abstraction. He is constructive, but not Concrete. He does not use very strong colors, but makes canvases with varied colors and others with more grayish tones. The forms are composed of straight lines and arcs of circles, but the composition is not symmetrical and does not follow mathematical patterns or rules. This is the first phase of his work, less significant than the tapestries he began making in the late 1950s with Norberto Nicola (1930 - 2007), driven by the innovations of the tapestry maker Jean Lurçat in France and of Genaro de Carvalho (1926 - 1971) in Brazil. His first tapestries are flat and abstract. They follow the same line as the paintings.
However, in the manifesto of the Ateliê Douchez-Nicola, the artists declare their wish to move away from the flat paradigm to produce woven forms that would take into account the specificities of the material, the fiber. "Fiber and fabric have a volume with their own qualities of tension, elasticity, behavior, in short, a place in space".1
Thus, the tapestries from the 1970s to the 1990s are no longer flat but three-dimensional forms made of different planes of fabric, such as bands or ribbons, wider or narrower, which intertwine, form knots, are tied, come together and separate in an articulated way, building volumes. Sometimes stretched threads trace parallel vertical lines across the composition. The colors are often quite intense and, above all, contrasting; and empty spaces let the walls show through. The size of the works gives them a monumentality highlighted by several critics.2 With rare exceptions, the pieces are made to be seen from a frontal point of view and not, like a sculpture, from all sides. Moreover, unlike Nicola's tapestry, here there are no properly organic forms, but forms built from initially geometric elements.3
In the 1990s and 2000s, Douchez returned to oil painting and gouache. In these works, we see no radical changes from what he was doing in the 1950s. Some canvases are in fact realizations of old projects.
Notes
1 DOUCHEZ, Jacques. Plano e Relevo. Curadoria Antônio Carlos Miguel Abdalla; texto Olívio Tavares de Araújo. São Paulo: Pinacoteca do Estado, 2003, p. 12.
2 DOUCHEZ, Jacques. Esculturas Tecidas. Texto Antônio Carlos Miguel Abdalla e Alvaro Machado. São Paulo: Espaço Cultural BM&F, 2003, p. 9, por exemplo.
3 ZANINI, Walter (Coord.). História Geral da Arte no Brasil. V - II. São Paulo: Instituto Moreira Salles: Fundação Djalma Guimarães, 1983, p. 692.
Critiques
"Douchez expresses himself through wool, and his visual themes derive from the specific possibilities of the fiber: twisting, a play of intertwining bands. This creates an articulated, mobile, flexible tapestry. Douchez's personality is naturally revealed in his work. Trained in visual arts and in literature, he has a humanist culture. But without renouncing classical values, he expresses himself today in an eminently contemporary language. In his works there is almost always a rational organization of form, which is related to architecture. The tapestries are in fact conceived to integrate with architecture, in which verticality, horizontality and the curve dominate. It is interesting to note that Douchez, although his works are abstract, gives titles to his tapestries, titles that open the way to imagination. It is evident that 'Azincourt' is a work that justifies itself, but through the title there appear before us, with their lances, the French soldiers defeated in 1415 by the English. From abstract forms, figurative images emerge, thus creating a world of visual suggestions."
Lisetta Levi - membro da A.I.C.A.
DOUCHEZ, Jacques. A Escultura tecida de Douchez. Texto Lisetta Levi. Campinas: Centro de Convivência Cultural, 1984.
"What was fundamental to the evolution of Douchez's art was his passage, in the 1950s, through the Atelier Abstração, led by Samson Flexor. Flexor's importance in the emergence of abstract language in Brazil has already been recognized in several sources. We might add that Flexorian abstraction corresponded more to an intellectual and rational vision of the world than to an emotional experience - and that Douchez, as a good Frenchman, naturally followed the same road. Thus he fully mastered all the technical and aesthetic resources of the visual arts (and was a recognized, prizewinning painter in his time) before turning to weaving wool. And this is reflected in the work produced today. There is no improvisation here, nor any misunderstanding. Space is intelligently structured, with an 'esprit de finesse' and a sense of propriety and elegance that, in my view, have characterized Douchez for at least fifteen years. It is an elegance expressed, above all, through the clarity of intentions, made explicit in the geometry underlying the entire work. Jacques Douchez's tapestry is not organic, does not evoke nature or abundant vegetation. It is an intellectual work, thought out, articulated, constructed with spirit and intended for it. So much so that, in earlier phases, color - that 'emotional' component par excellence - was less important than structure, and the tapestry was less pictorial than graphic and sculptural."
Olívio Tavares de Araújo
DOUCHEZ, Jacques. Esculturas tecidas. São Paulo: Múltipla de Arte, 1989.
Testimonials
We are trying to give tapestry a new creative dimension. The tapestry we seek departs from the traditional idea of a flat representation. We create a woven object. Lurçat's reform was solely a reconsideration of the art of the plane, with a specific technique (weaving) and material (wool). It is now a matter of creating an art of woven fiber, freed from any link with the arts of the painted surface. Fiber and fabric have a volume with their own qualities of tension, elasticity, behavior, in short, a place in space. Color is an attribute of matter, but retained by it. The woven work must shape space in a multidimensional form.
Jacques Douchez e Norberto Nicola - São Paulo, 1959.
O Manifesto do Atelier Douchez-Nicola. In: DOUCHEZ, Jacques. Plano e relevo. São Paulo: Pinacoteca do Estado, 2003. Este manifesto foi publicado no catálogo da exposição na Galeria Bonino, Rio de Janeiro, em 1968.
Collections
Banco do Brasil - São Paulo SP
Banco Itaú - São Paulo SP
Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian - Lisbon (Portugal)
Fundação Roberto Marinho/Rede Globo - Rio de Janeiro RJ
Kennedy Center - Washington (United States)
Museu de Arte Brasileira/Faap - São Paulo SP
Museu de Arte Contemporânea - Campinas SP
Museu de Arte de São Paulo - São Paulo SP
Museu de Arte Moderna - São Paulo SP
Palácio do Itamaraty - Brasília DF
Palácio de Convenções/Parque do Anhembi - São Paulo SP
Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo - São Paulo SP
Solo Exhibitions
1959 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria de Arte das Folhas
1963 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at MAM/RJ
1963 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Astréia
1965 - Lima (Peru) - Solo, at Galeria Portinari
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Bonino
1975 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Documenta
1976 - Washington (United States) - Solo, at American-Brazilian Cultural Institute
1977 - Santos SP - Solo, at Clube XV
1979 - São Paulo SP - Esculturas Tecidas [Woven Sculptures], at Galeria Múltipla de Arte
1981 - Campos do Jordão SP - Jacques Douchez: Tapeçarias [Jacques Douchez: Tapestries], at Auditório Cláudio Santoro, during the Festival de Inverno de Campos do Jordão
1982 - Curitiba PR - 20 Anos de Tapeçaria [20 Years of Tapestry], at MAC/PR
1984 - São Paulo SP - A Escultura Tecida de Douchez [Douchez's Woven Sculpture], at Galeria Arte Aplicada
1984 - Campinas SP - A Escultura Tecida de Douchez [Douchez's Woven Sculpture], at Centro de Convivência Cultural de Campinas
1987 - Jundiaí SP - Solo, at Museu Histórico e Cultural de Jundiaí - Solar do Barão
1989 - São Paulo SP - Esculturas Tecidas [Woven Sculptures], at Galeria Múltipla de Arte
2003 - São Paulo SP - Jacques Douchez: plano e relevo [Jacques Douchez: Plane and Relief], at Pinacoteca do Estado
2003 - São Paulo SP - Esculturas Tecidas [Woven Sculptures], at Espaço Cultural BM&F
2003 - Santos SP - Esculturas Tecidas [Woven Sculptures], at Pinacoteca Benedicto Calixto
Group Exhibitions
1953 - São Paulo SP - 2ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [2nd São Paulo International Biennial], at Pavilhão dos Estados
1953 - São Paulo SP - 2ª Mostra do Atelier Abstração [2nd Atelier Abstração Exhibition], at IAB/SP
1954 - São Paulo SP - 3º Salão Paulista de Arte Moderna [3rd São Paulo Salon of Modern Art], at Galeria Prestes Maia
1955 - São Paulo SP - 3ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [3rd São Paulo International Biennial], at Pavilhão das Nações
1955 - São Paulo SP - 4º Salão Paulista de Arte Moderna [4th São Paulo Salon of Modern Art], at Galeria Prestes Maia
1955 - São Paulo SP - O Atelier Abstração [The Atelier Abstração], at Instituto Mackenzie
1955 - Tokyo (Japan) - 3ª Bienal de Tóquio [3rd Tokyo Biennial]
1956 - São Paulo SP - 3ª Mostra do Atelier Abstração [3rd Atelier Abstração Exhibition], at MAM/SP
1956 - São Paulo SP - 5º Salão Paulista de Arte Moderna [5th São Paulo Salon of Modern Art], at Galeria Prestes Maia
1957 - São Paulo SP - 12 Artistas de São Paulo [12 Artists from São Paulo], at Galeria de Arte das Folhas
1957 - São Paulo SP - 4ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [4th São Paulo International Biennial], at Pavilhão Ciccillo Matarazzo Sobrinho
1957 - São Paulo SP - Pintura Abstrata [Abstract Painting], at MAM/SP
1958 - New York (United States) - Ateliê Abstração of São Paulo, at Roland de Anelle Gallery
1958 - Paris (France) - 50 Ans d'Art Abstrait, at Galeria Creuze
1958 - São Paulo SP - 7º Salão Paulista de Arte Moderna [7th São Paulo Salon of Modern Art], at Galeria Prestes Maia
1959 - São Paulo SP - Prêmio Leirner de Arte Contemporânea [Leirner Prize for Contemporary Art], at Galeria de Arte das Folhas
1959 - São Paulo SP - 5ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [5th São Paulo International Biennial], at Pavilhão Ciccillo Matarazzo Sobrinho
1961 - Belo Horizonte MG - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at MAM/BH
1961 - Curitiba PR - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Paulo Valente
1961 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola e Amélia Toledo [Douchez-Nicola Studio and Amélia Toledo], at Galeria Oca
1961 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria GEAD
1961 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Sistina
1962 - Campinas SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Centro de Ciências e Artes
1962 - Lima (Peru) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Art Center
1962 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Embaixada Norte-americana
1962 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Astréia
1963 - Montevideo (Uruguay) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Centro de Artes e Letras
1963 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at MAM/RJ
1963 - São Paulo SP - 7ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [7th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1963 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Astréia
1964 - São Paulo SP - Tapeçarias sobre Cartões de Artistas Brasileiros [Tapestries from Cartoons by Brazilian Artists], at Galeria Astréia
1965 - Lima (Peru) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Cândido Portinari
1965 - London (England) - Exposição de Arte Brasileira [Brazilian Art Exhibition], at The Royal College of London
1965 - Santiago (Chile) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Centro Brasileiro de Cultura
1965 - São Paulo SP - 8ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [8th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1965 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria de Arte Hispânica
1966 - Mexico City (Mexico) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Museo de Arte Moderno
1966 - Paris (France) - Exposição de Arte Brasileira [Brazilian Art Exhibition], at Galeria Jansen
1966 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Morada Móveis Objetos de Arte
1966 - Vienna (Austria) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Künste Museum
1967 - Lima (Peru) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Cândido Portinari
1967 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 3ª O Rosto e a Obra [3rd The Face and the Work], at Galeria Ibeu Copacabana
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [9th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1967 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Chelsea
1968 - Amsterdam (Netherlands) - Exposição de Arte Brasileira [Brazilian Art Exhibition]
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Bonino
1968 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Documenta
1969 - Brasília DF - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Editora Civilização Brasileira
1969 - São Paulo SP - 1º Panorama de Arte Atual Brasileira [1st Panorama of Current Brazilian Art], at MAM/SP
1969 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Documenta
1970 - Belo Horizonte MG - Group show, at UFMG
1970 - Mexico City (Mexico) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Palácio de Belas Artes
1970 - Ingelheim (Germany) - Semana de Arte Brasileira [Brazilian Art Week]
1970 - Osaka (Japan) - Expo 70
1970 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Bonino
1971 - New York (United States) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola e Odetto Guersoni [Douchez-Nicola Studio and Odetto Guersoni], at Edifício Pan American - Panam
1971 - New York (United States) - Group show, at Galeria Ruth Kaufmann
1971 - São Paulo SP - 11ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [11th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1971 - Washington (United States) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria da Organização de Estados Americanos
1972 - São Paulo SP - Arte/Brasil/Hoje: 50 anos depois [Art/Brazil/Today: 50 Years Later], at Galeria da Collectio
1972 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Cosme Velho
1973 - Brasília DF - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Fundação Cultural de Brasília
1973 - Brasília DF - Group show, at Galeria Múltipla
1973 - São Paulo SP - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Masp
1974 - Belo Horizonte MG - Tapeçaria Brasileira [Brazilian Tapestry], at UFMG
1974 - São Paulo SP - 1ª Mostra de Tapeçaria Brasileira [1st Brazilian Tapestry Exhibition], at MAB/Faap
1975 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Group show, at Museu de Arte Moderna de Buenos Aires
1975 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Primer Encuentro Argentino-Brasileño-Uruguayo del Tapiz [First Argentine-Brazilian-Uruguayan Tapestry Meeting], at Museo de Artes Visuales
1975 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Fundação Gulbenkian/Galerias de Exposições Temporárias
1975 - Paris (France) - C.R.E.A
1975 - São Paulo SP - 13ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [13th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1975 - Lausanne (Switzerland) - 7ª Bienal de Tapeçaria de Lausanne [7th Lausanne Tapestry Biennial]
1976 - São Paulo SP - 1ª Trienal de Tapeçaria de São Paulo [1st São Paulo Tapestry Triennial], at MAM/SP
1977 - Belo Horizonte MG - 5º Salão Global de Inverno [5th Global Winter Salon], at Fundação Palácio das Artes
1977 - Brasília DF - 5º Salão Global de Inverno [5th Global Winter Salon]
1977 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Group show, at Museu de Arte Moderna de Buenos Aires
1977 - Cleveland (United States) - Fiberworks, at The Cleveland Museum of Art
1977 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 5º Salão Global de Inverno [5th Global Winter Salon], at MNBA
1977 - São Paulo SP - 5º Salão Global de Inverno [5th Global Winter Salon], at Masp
1978 - Buenos Aires (Argentina) - Atelier Douchez-Nicola [Douchez-Nicola Studio], at Galeria Práxis
1978 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Caminhos da Tapeçaria Brasileira [Paths of Brazilian Tapestry], at Galeria Funarte
1978 - São Paulo SP - 1ª Mostra do Móvel e do Objeto Inusitado [1st Exhibition of Unusual Furniture and Objects], at Paço das Artes
1978 - São Paulo SP - As Bienais e a Abstração: a década de 50 [The Biennials and Abstraction: The 1950s], at Museu Lasar Segall
1979 - São Paulo SP - 2ª Trienal de Tapeçaria [2nd Tapestry Triennial], at MAM/SP
1980 - Bonn (Germany) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Kultur-Forum Bonn Center
1980 - Frankfurt (Germany) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Memorial Hoechst
1980 - Leverkusen (Germany) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Retiro da Bayer
1980 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Museu Gulbenkian da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian
1980 - Porto (Portugal) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Junta Comercial
1980 - Santiago (Chile) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Museu Nacional de Belas Artes
1980 - São Paulo SP - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at MAM/SP
1980 - Stuttgart (Germany) - Quatro Artistas Brasileiros [Four Brazilian Artists], at Edifício do Parlamento
1981 - Porto Alegre RS - Jacques Douchez e Liciê Hunsche [Jacques Douchez and Liciê Hunsche], at Margs
1982 - Penápolis SP - 5º Salão de Artes Plásticas da Noroeste [5th Noroeste Visual Arts Salon], at Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1982 - São Paulo SP - 3ª Trienal de Tapeçaria de São Paulo [3rd São Paulo Tapestry Triennial], at MAM/SP
1982 - São Paulo SP - Jacques Douchez e Iracema Arditi [Jacques Douchez and Iracema Arditi], at Colégio Humboldt
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Douchez e a Tapeçaria Brasileira [Douchez and Brazilian Tapestry], at Hotel Méridien - Salão Elysée
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Douchez e a Tapeçaria Brasileira [Douchez and Brazilian Tapestry], at Aliança Francesa
1983 - São Paulo SP - Artescultura, at Centro Experimental de Estudos e Pesquisas de Artes Plásticas, Cênicas, Arquitetura e Design
1984 - São Paulo SP - Tradição e Ruptura: síntese de arte e cultura brasileiras [Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture], at Fundação Bienal
1985 - Porto Alegre RS - Exposição Nacional de Arte Têxtil [National Textile Art Exhibition], at Margs
1985 - São Paulo SP - Tendências/Tapeçarias [Trends/Tapestries], at Masp
1986 - São Caetano do Sul SP - Tapeçarias [Tapestries], at Multiarte Galeria
1986 - São Paulo SP - 1ª Mostra do Centro Paulista de Tapeçaria [1st Exhibition of the São Paulo Tapestry Center], at Galeria do Sesi
1987 - São Paulo SP - 20ª Exposição de Arte Contemporânea [20th Contemporary Art Exhibition], at Chapel Art Show
1987 - São Paulo SP - 2ª Mostra do Centro Paulista de Tapeçaria [2nd Exhibition of the São Paulo Tapestry Center], at Sesc Pompeia
1988 - Itapecerica da Serra SP - Group show, at Espaço Cultural da Itapostes
1988 - São Paulo SP - A Escultura ao Alcance de Todos [Sculpture within Everyone's Reach], at Centro de Convenções Rebouças
1992 - Campinas SP - Premiados nos Salões de Arte Contemporânea de Campinas [Prizewinners of the Campinas Contemporary Art Salons], at MACC
1994 - São Paulo SP - Bienal Brasil Século XX [20th-Century Brazil Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1996 - Campinas SP - Abstracionismo Geométrico [Geometric Abstraction], at MACC
1996 - São Paulo SP - Abstracionismo Geométrico [Geometric Abstraction], at Museu Banespa
1996 - São Paulo SP - Abstratos no Acervo do Banespa [Abstract Works in the Banespa Collection], at Espaço Banespa Paulista
1996 - São Paulo SP - Museu Banespa - 30 Anos de Arte [Museu Banespa - 30 Years of Art], at Espaço Banespa Paulista
1998 - São Paulo SP - Arte Construtiva no Brasil: Coleção Adolpho Leirner [Constructive Art in Brazil: Adolpho Leirner Collection], at MAM/SP
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Arte Construtiva no Brasil: Coleção Adolpho Leirner [Constructive Art in Brazil: Adolpho Leirner Collection], at MAM/RJ
1999 - São Paulo SP - Coletiva de Abertura [Opening Group Show], at Atelier Naji Ayoub
1999 - São Paulo SP - Década de 50 e seus Desdobramentos [The 1950s and Their Developments], at Jo Slaviero Galeria de Arte
2000 - São Paulo SP - Group show, at Galeria Luisa Strina
Source: Itaú Cultural
