Flavio Shiró (Sapporo, Japão 1928)
Flavio Shiró is a painter, printmaker, draftsman and set designer. He arrives in Brazil in 1932 and settles with his family in a Japanese colony in Tomé-Açu, Pará. From 1940 he lives in São Paulo. He studies at the Escola Profissional Getúlio Vargas, where he meets Octávio Araújo (1926), Marcelo Grassmann (1925) and Luiz Sacilotto (1924–2003). Around 1943 he frequents the Grupo Santa Helena, coming into contact with artists such as Alfredo Volpi (1896–1988) and Francisco Rebolo (1902–1980). In 1947 he joins the Grupo Seibi. The following year he works at the frame workshop of the painter Tadashi Kaminagai (1899–1982).
With a scholarship, he travels to Paris, where he stays from 1953 to 1983. He studies mosaic with Gino Severini (1883–1966), metal engraving with Johnny Friedlaender (1912–1992) and lithography at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, and frequents the studio of Sugai and Tabuchi. In the 1960s, he takes part in the Brazilian art movement and joins the Grupo Austral (Phases Movement) of São Paulo.
He has devoted himself to informal abstraction since the 1950s. From the 1970s onwards, his canvases begin to suggest figures, at times fantastic or monstrous beings. In 1990, the book Flávio-Shiró is published by Salamandra. The exhibition Trajetória: 50 Anos de Pintura de Flavio-Shiró [Trajectory: 50 Years of Painting by Flavio-Shiró] is shown at the Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (MAM/RJ) and at the Hara Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo in 1993, and at the Museu de Arte de São Paulo Assis Chateaubriand (MASP) in 1994.
Critical Commentary
After beginning his career with figurative works of an expressionist character, Flávio-Shiró devotes himself to informal abstraction from the 1950s onwards. He creates works that highlight the gesture of the brushstroke and surfaces laden with matter, frequently using black and dark or neutral colors.
In the early 1960s, Shiró allows a possibility of drawing to emerge in pictures in which he gradually begins to use light backgrounds, in contrast with the dark images. In some canvases he presents organic forms, coming close to figuration, as in Delfica (1963). As the art critic Reynaldo Roels Jr. notes, from the 1970s onwards the central focus of his canvases shifts to the figure, even if it is not easily discernible. From then on, the figures, often suggestions of fantastic or monstrous beings, appear forcefully in his canvases, within abstract contexts.
Shiró works with a conscious ambiguity between figuration and abstraction. His pictures stand out for their restrained palette, elaborate textures and balance between graphic marks and patches of color. For Roels Jr., Shiró is an artist who addresses contradictions inherent in contemporary painting, such as abstraction and representation, and objectivity and subjectivity.
Critiques
"Flavio-S. Tanaka, in the symmetry and fleetingness of his most accomplished pictures, shows the same immediacy and connection between idea and execution found in Far Eastern art. Black, which in the atmospheric pictures we saw preferably set off by the use of white, is always a vital element: 'I instinctively organize the composition with black paint, a need or preference that my Japanese origin may perhaps explain'. Indeed, this color (at times combustion) plays a special role in the structure of the canvas, a structure the artist seeks to conceal. We can, however, observe its essence germinating in the very act of painting, as in action painting. A long horizontal or a brief, vertiginous vector, curves or broken lines are all elements of stability and control in the Dionysian polychromy of the whole.
(...) He belongs to an effervescent generation, facing difficult and even crucial choices at this point in the century, called upon to succeed the splendid flowering of complex and heterogeneous figures of the stature of Fautrier and Fontana, Pollock and Dubuffet".
Walter Zanini
FLÁVIO-SHIRÓ. Rio de Janeiro: Salamandra, 1990. p. 170
"(...) The painting of this Japanese artist, transported in his earliest years to the heart of the Brazilian geographical and ethnic milieu, appears, in effect, deeply South American in inspiration, while all Orientalism is absent from it. One can point only to his taste for line, the speed of his drawing and its expressive warmth.
This drawing has not been placed, as with certain Japanese artists, at the service of a philosophical attitude. It reveals a vigorous form of realism marked by a sovereign subjectivity.
Flavio-Shiró arrives at a style that could be described as 'non-figurative lyrical realism'. It is not the landscape that lies at the root of each of his compositions, but the overall memory of Brazilian nature, with its vegetation, its fauna and always a human presence aware of its powerlessness before the phenomena of life, yet a watchful spectator, ready to interpret their suggestive, symbolic and poetic value.
Each painting by Flavio-Shiró is a total transposition that refuses the artifices of analysis, reduces the effects of composition and tends toward a total and direct expansion.
This new frisson he makes us feel is Flavio-Shiró's authentic contribution to the School of Paris, in which he is the first significant representative of young Brazilian painting".
Georges Boudaille
BOUDAILLE, Georges. Flávio-Shiró e a realidade brasileira. In: FLÁVIO-SHIRÓ. Rio de Janeiro: Salamandra, 1990. p. 171.
"Flavio-Shiró has half a century of painting behind him. Throughout this time, he has produced his work on the margins of thematic and formal fashions, setting his own pace of work, far from the demands of the market and the media. He is an artist who has made his studio a sacred territory, preserving an almost religious atmosphere. This attitude does not mean detachment from the things of the world, including politics, economics and technology, but what undoubtedly prevails in his creative practice is a humanist vision of art. A discreet humanism, with nothing pamphleteering or demagogic about it.
No work of art, whatever the particular life experience it conveys, is born outside the history of art, nor does it live isolated and untouched in a Platonic heaven. If art is a way of experiencing the world, it will always be contaminated by life. Each of Shiró's canvases carries the weight of the history of art and culture. I am not referring to the fashion for quotations or to opportunistic homages; I merely sense, in the cruciform structure of one of his recent canvases, the fleeting presence of Grünewald, in others the Baroque pathos or Gothic transcendence, in others still some reminiscences of Prehistory. He has never cut himself off from the workshop side of creation, which often leads him to make his own painting or drawing materials and to superimpose various techniques, resulting in a rich and attractive matter. Flavio-Shiró is an erudite artist. In his works, he engages in dialogue with the art of the present and the past, with Informalism and the New Figuration, with Venetian painting and Spanish Mannerism, and also with Freud and Greek mythology, with Jean Genet and Wim Wenders, with the best theater and the best literature. The exhibitions and films he sees, the books he reads, the plays he attends, the trips he makes to so many different places, the deep memory of events and situations lived on three continents, Brazilian nature and light, plus the rich experience of daily life added to the ceaseless activity of the unconscious, form the cultural crucible that nourishes his pictorial work, the substrate underlying the questions that, through painting, he is constantly putting to the world".
Frederico Morais
MORAIS, Frederico. Flávio-Shiró: indagação e silêncio. In: FLAVIO-SHIRÓ. Flávio-Shiró. São Paulo: Galeria Nara Roesler, 1999. s.p.
Testimonials
"ROOTS
I am like the wild fig tree, connected to three continents by aerial roots: their complementary and contrasting saps nourish me.
The roots of the sugi, clinging to the mountainsides of my native Japan, very early join those of the gigantic samaúma of the Amazon of my childhood.
It was there that my memory awoke and that I began to take part in a violent mutation.
Fascinated, I watch closely the world revealing itself.
The boa constrictor coils around its prey, crushes it and then swallows it.
The tarantula leaps upon a small bird.
Hordes of scorpions, stingers raised, scurry back and forth like samurai, in a venomous crackling.
Giant toads swell and secrete poison when touched. There they are, mating in the shade of a palm tree. The guava tree celebrates the metamorphosis of the butterflies. The heady perfumes of bacuri and cupuaçu mingle with the smell of fermented manioc. The sun at its zenith.
I shiver: malaria.
The Amazon River flows slow and immense.
Time flows too. I am in São Paulo, a city still in its adolescence.
It was there that my love of painting was born. Sitting on the roof, I paint my first landscape.
The world is at war. Brazil is an oasis.
Youth, a time of battles. Of dreams too: Paris.
One fine day I find myself there. Standing on the platform of the green bus, enchanted, I watch the boulevards of plane trees and chestnut trees, the kiosks and the urinals file past. Street vendors fill the air with their cries. The singer-accordionist plays the musette, waiting for coins to fall from the sky. Suddenly, a strike. Everything has stopped. Piles of garbage begin to hide the other side of the street. The crowd marches past: demonstrations. In the cafés abstraction is debated while existentialism dies. The Bald Soprano opens in a cellar.
Wars and little wars. The technological revolution accelerates. The sky fills with sophisticated hardware. The sword of Damocles grows ever heavier.
I live, I love, I suffer, I paint, I exhibit, I evolve.
I realize that the roots of my wild fig tree were also seeping into the cracks between the stones of the Marais.
In my garden, the sap of spring awakens the wild roses".
Flavio-Shiró
Texto do catálogo de exposição, Paris, 1983
FLÁVIO-SHIRÓ. Rio de Janeiro: Salamandra, 1990. p. 34.
Collections
Ville de Paris - França
Fonds National D'Art Contemporain - França
Hara Museum of Contemporary Art - Tóquio (Japão)
Museu de Arte Moderna - Havana (Cuba)
Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro - MAM/RJ
Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo - MAC/USP
Museu de Arte de São Paulo - MASP
Museu de Arte Moderna de Salvador - MAM/BA
Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo - Pesp
Solo Exhibitions
1950 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - First solo exhibition, at Enba
1952 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Clube Cerejeira
1956 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galeria Arnaud
1959 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galeria Arnaud
1959 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at MAM/RJ
1959 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria São Luís
1960 - Salvador BA - Solo, at MAM/BA
1962 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galerie H. Legendre
1963 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Petite Galerie
1963 - Salvador BA - Solo, at Galeria Querino
1963 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Faap
1965 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at MAM/RJ
1969 - Brussels (Belgium) - Solo, at Galerie Arcanes
1973 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galeria L'Oeil de Boeuf
1974 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Petite Galerie
1974 - São Paulo SP - Pastels by Flavio-Shiró, at Galeria Arte Global
1975 - Washington (United States) - Solo, at Brazilian-American Cultural Institute
1977 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Galerie L'Oeil de Boeuf
1978 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Gabinete de Arte
1981 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Saramenha
1983 - Paris (France) - Solo, at Espace Latino-Américain
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Saramenha
1983 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Paulo Figueiredo Galeria de Arte
1985 - São Paulo SP - Flavio-Shiró: Paintings, at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Saramenha
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Solo, at Galeria Thomas Cohn
1993 - Bourges (France) - Solo, at Maison de la Culture
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Trajectory: 50 Years of Painting by Flavio-Shiró, at MAM/RJ
1993 - Tokyo (Japan) - Trajectory: 50 Years of Painting by Flavio-Shiró, at Hara Museum of Contemporary Art
1994 - São Paulo SP - Trajectory: 50 Years of Painting by Flavio-Shiró, at Masp - retrospective prize
1998 - Niterói RJ - Flávio-Shiró in the João Sattamini Collection and Recent Works, at MAC/Niterói
1999 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Nara Roesler
2003 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Galeria Nara Roesler
2008 - São Paulo SP - Flavio-Shiró: Painter of Three Worlds: 65 Years of Career, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2008 - Belém PA - Flavio-Shiró: Painter of Three Worlds: 65 Years of Career, at Museu Casa das Onze Janelas
2008 - Belém PA - Trajectory from Tomé-Açu to the World, at Museu Casa das Onze Janelas
2008 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Flavio-Shiró: Painter of Three Worlds: 65 Years of Career, at Centro Cultural Correios
Group Exhibitions
1947 - São Paulo SP - 19 Pintores [19 Painters], at Galeria Prestes Maia - 4th Lunardelli Prize
1949 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 55th National Salon of Fine Arts, at MNBA - bronze medal
1951 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Still Life Exhibition, at Serviço de Alimentação e Previdência Social
1951 - São Paulo SP - 1st Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Pavilhão do Trianon
1951 - São Paulo SP - 1st São Paulo Salon of Modern Art, at Galeria Prestes Maia
1952 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st National Salon of Modern Art
1952 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Exhibition of Brazilian Artists, at MAM/RJ
1952 - São Paulo SP - 1st Grupo Seibi Visual Artists Salon, at Clube Sakura
1952 - São Paulo SP - 1st Sebikai Salon - gold medal
1952 - São Paulo SP - 2nd São Paulo Salon of Modern Art - acquisition prize
1956 - Paris (France) - Divergences, at Galerie Arnaud
1956 - Paris (France) - Les Arts en France et dans le Monde, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1957 - Amsterdam (Netherlands) - Divergences, at Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam
1957 - Nantes (France) - Festival d'Art d'Avant-Garde, at Museu Nacional de Arte Moderna de Paris. Centro de Criação Industrial
1957 - Paris (France) - Salon Comparaisons, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1957 - Paris (France) - Divergences, at Galerie Arnaud
1957 - São Paulo SP - 4th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Pavilhão Ciccilo Matarazzo Sobrinho
1957 - Schiedam (Netherlands) - Divergences, at Stedelijk Museum
1958 - Cleveland (United States) - Eight Painters, at Howard Wise Gallery
1958 - Paris (France) - Divergences, at Galerie Arnaud
1958 - Paris (France) - Salon Réalités Nouvelles, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1959 - Leverkusen (Germany) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1959 - Munich (Germany) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe, at Kunsthaus
1959 - Paris (France) - Antagonismes, at Musée des Arts Décoratifs
1959 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 8th National Salon of Modern Art, at MAM/RJ
1959 - São Paulo SP - 5th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Pavilhão Ciccilo Matarazzo Sobrinho
1959 - Vienna (Austria) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1960 - Hamburg (Germany) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1960 - Lisbon (Portugal) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1960 - Madrid (Spain) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1960 - New York (United States) - Guggenheim International Award, at Museu Guggenheim
1960 - Paris (France) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1960 - Santiago (Chile) - Brazilian Art
1960 - Utrecht (Netherlands) - First Group Exhibition of Brazilian Artists in Europe
1961 - Paris (France) - 2nd Paris Biennale - City of Paris Acquisition Prize and international painting prize
1961 - Paris (France) - Salon Réalités Nouvelles, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1961 - São Paulo SP - 6th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Pavilhão Ciccilo Matarazzo Sobrinho
1962 - Paris (France) - Exposition d'Art Latino Americain à Paris, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1963 - Belo Horizonte MG - Belo Horizonte City Fine Arts Salon - 1st prize
1963 - Paris (France) - 7 Artistes Brésiliens de L'Ecole de Paris, at Galerie XX Siècle
1963 - São Paulo SP - 7th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1964 - Paris (France) - Du Général au Particulier, at Galerie Houston Brown
1964 - Paris (France) - Salon Comparaisons, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1964 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - New Figuration: School of Paris, at Galeria Relevo
1965 - Paris (France) - Eight Laureates of the Paris Biennale, at Galerie Françoise Ledoux
1965 - São Paulo SP - 8th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1965 - Tokyo (Japan) - Nippo-Brazilian Paintings Today, at Embaixada do Brasil
1966 - Havana (Cuba) - Paintings from Latin America, at Casa de las Americas
1966 - Madrid (Spain) - Round Painting
1966 - Paris (France) - Salon Comparaisons, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1966 - São Paulo SP - Half a Century of New Art, at MAC/USP
1966 - São Paulo SP - Japanese-Brazilian Artists, at MAC/USP
1967 - Paris (France) - Salon Réalités Nouvelles, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1968 - Campo Grande MS - 28 Artists from the Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, at Galeria do Diário da Serra
1968 - Córdoba (Argentina) - Córdoba Biennial
1968 - São Paulo SP - 19 Pintores [19 Painters], at Tema Galeria de Arte
1969 - Fortaleza CE - 28 Artists from the Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, at Centro de Artes Visuais Raimundo Cela
1969 - Norway - Art Latin-American: Scandinavia
1969 - Sweden - Art Latin-American: Scandinavia
1969 - Denmark - Art Latin-American: Scandinavia
1969 - São Paulo SP - 19 Japanese-Brazilian Artists, at MAC/USP
ca. 1970 - Rome (Italy) - Vision 24, at Instituto Ítalo-Latino-Americano
1970 - Barcelona (Spain) - Latin American Artists of Paris, at Sala Gaudí
1970 - London (England) - Bertrand Russell Centenary International Art Exhibition
1970 - Poitiers (France) - 117 Dessins et Gravures de Peintres Latino-Américains, at Centre Culturel
1970 - Rome (Italy) - Vision 24, at Instituto Ítalo-Latino-Americano
1970 - São Paulo SP - Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo 1970
1972 - São Paulo SP - 6th Young Contemporary Art, at MAC/USP
1973 - Darmstadt (Germany) - Neue Darmstädter Sezession
1974 - Cagnes-sur-Mer (France) - Festival International de Peinture - national painting prize
1974 - Paris (France) - Salão de Maio, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1978 - Menton (France) - Menton Biennial
1978 - Paris (France) - Jeune Peinture, at Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais
1978 - Paris (France) - Les Huns, at Centre National d'Art Contemporain
1978 - São Paulo SP - 3 Generations of Japanese-Brazilian Artists, at Galeria Arte Global
1978 - São Paulo SP - 19 Pintores [19 Painters], at MAM/SP
1981 - Osaka (Japan) - Latin American Exhibition of Contemporary Art Brazil/Japan, at National Museum of Art
1982 - Paris (France) - L'Amérique Latine à Paris, at Grand Palais
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Between the Stain and the Figure, at MAM/RJ
1982 - Venice (Italy) - Latin American Artists, at Museu de Arte Moderna
1983 - Paris (France) - L'Amérique Latine à Paris, at Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais
1983 - São Paulo SP - Rereading Project, at Pinacoteca do Estado
1984 - Havana (Cuba) - 1st Havana Biennial, at Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes
1984 - Paris (France) - Salon Comparaisons, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Active Brazilian Painting, at Espaço Petrobrás
1984 - São Paulo SP - Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection: Portrait and Self-Portrait of Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1984 - São Paulo SP - Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - São Paulo SP - 18th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal
1985 - São Paulo SP - Japanese Artists in the MAC Collection, at MAC/USP
1985 - São Paulo SP - Latin American Artists of Paris, at MAC/USP
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 1st Christian Dior Contemporary Art Exhibition: Painting, at Paço Imperial - 2nd prize
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Wartime: Pensão Mauá and Hotel Internacional, at Galeria de Arte Banerj
1986 - São Paulo SP - 17th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1987 - Paris (France) - Modernity: 20th-Century Brazilian Art, at Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
1987 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - To the Collector: Tribute to Gilberto Chateaubriand, at MAM/RJ
1988 - Belém PA - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at Fundação Rômulo Maiorana
1988 - Brasília DF - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts
1988 - Curitiba PR - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at MAC/PR
1988 - Manaus AM - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at Pinacoteca do Estado
1988 - Porto Alegre RS - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at Margs
1988 - Recife PE - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at Fundação Joaquim Nabuco. Instituto de Cultura
1988 - São Paulo SP - 63/66 Figure and Object, at Galeria Millan
1988 - São Paulo SP - Modernity: 20th-Century Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP
1988 - São Paulo SP - Life and Art of the Japanese in Brazil, at Masp
1988 - São Paulo SP - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at MAB/Faap
1989 - Recife PE - Memory Game
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Heritage of Japan: Aspects of Japanese-Brazilian Visual Arts, at MNBA
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Memory Game, at Montesanti Galleria
1989 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Today, at MAM/RJ
1989 - São Paulo SP - 20th Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, at Fundação Bienal - Itamaraty Prize
1989 - São Paulo SP - 20th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art, at MAM/SP - award winner
1989 - São Paulo SP - Memory Game, at Galeria Montesanti Roesler
1990 - Atami (Japan) - 9th Brazil-Japan Contemporary Art Exhibition
1990 - Brasília DF - 9th Brazil-Japan Contemporary Art Exhibition
1990 - Grenoble (France) - Façades Imaginaires
1990 - São Paulo SP - 9th Brazil-Japan Contemporary Art Exhibition, at Fundação Brasil-Japão
1990 - Sapporo - 9th Brazil-Japan Contemporary Art Exhibition
1990 - Tokyo (Japan) - 9th Brazil-Japan Contemporary Art Exhibition
1992 - Curitiba PR - 10th Curitiba City Printmaking Show/America Show, at Museu da Gravura
1992 - Poços de Caldas MG - Brazilian Modern Art: Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidade de São Paulo, at Casa de Cultura
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Eco Art, at MAM/RJ - award winner
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil, 100 Years of Modern Art, at MNBA
1993 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Modern Drawing: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1993 - São Paulo SP - Works for Illustrating the Literary Supplement: 1956-1967, at MAM/SP
1994 - Frankfurt (Germany) - The Thickness of the Sign: Contemporary Brazilian Drawing, at Karmeliter Kloster
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Modern Drawing in Brazil: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection, at MAM/RJ
1994 - São Paulo SP - Bienal Brasil Século XX, at Fundação Bienal
1996 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Scream, at MNBA
1996 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art: 50 Years of History in the MAC/USP Collection: 1920-1970, at MAC/USP
1997 - Barra Mansa RJ - The Museum Visits the Gallery, at Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa
1997 - São Paulo SP - Phases: Surrealism and Contemporaneity - Grupo Austral and the Southern Cone, at MAC/USP
1998 - Belo Horizonte MG - Japan-Brazil International Traveling Exhibition, at Fundação Clóvis Salgado. Palácio das Artes
1998 - Ipatinga MG - Japan-Brazil International Traveling Exhibition
1998 - Niterói RJ - Mirror of the Biennial, at MAC/Niterói
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - A View of Contemporary Art, at MNBA
1998 - São Paulo SP - The Modern and the Contemporary in Brazilian Art: Gilberto Chateaubriand Collection - MAM/RJ, at Masp
1998 - São Paulo SP - São Paulo: The View of Japanese-Brazilians, at Museu Lasar Segall
1998 - São Paulo SP - Elective Affinities I: The Collector's Eye, at Casa das Rosas
1999 - Bath (England) - Into the Light, at Royal Academy of Photography
1999 - Brasília DF - Japan-Brazil International Traveling Exhibition, at Ministério das Relações Exteriores
1999 - Niterói RJ - Rio Printmaking Show. Banerj Collection, at Museu do Ingá
1999 - Paris (France) - Latin American Art, at Unesco
1999 - Paris (France) - International Contemporary Art Fair - Fiac
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Printmaking Show: Chagall, Daumier, Derain, Miró, Shiró and the Banerj Collection, at Casa França-Brasil
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Rio Printmaking Show. Armando Sampaio Collection: Brazilian Printmaking, at Centro de Artes Calouste Gulbenkian
1999 - São Paulo SP - Japan-Brazil International Traveling Exhibition, at Masp
2000 - São Paulo SP - Almeida Júnior: An Artist Revisited, at Pinacoteca do Estado
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brasil + 500 Rediscovery Exhibition, at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - New Work, at MAC/USP
2000 - São Paulo SP - Dialogue: Contemporary Art Brazil/Ecuador, at Memorial da América Latina. Galeria Marta Traba
2000 - Quito (Ecuador) - Dialogue: Contemporary Art Brazil/Ecuador, at Centro Cultural Puce
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - The Image of the Sound of Antônio Carlos Jobim, at Paço Imperial
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Watercolor, at Centro Cultural Light
2001 - São Paulo SP - Japanese-Brazilian Art: Moments, at Galeria Euroart Castelli
2002 - Niterói RJ - Dialogue, Antagonism and Replication in the Sattamini Collection, at MAC/Niterói
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Art in the Fadel Collection: From the Restlessness of the Modern to the Autonomy of Language, at CCBB
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Paths of the Contemporary 1952-2002, at Paço Imperial
2002 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Art in the Fadel Collection: From the Restlessness of the Modern to the Autonomy of Language, at CCBB
2002 - São Paulo SP - Map of Now: Recent Brazilian Art in the João Sattamini Collection of the Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2002 - São Paulo SP - Gate 2, at Galeria Nara Roesler
2003 - Brasília DF - Brazilian Art in the Fadel Collection: From the Restlessness of the Modern to the Autonomy of Language, at CCBB
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilian Art: From the 1930 Revolution to the Postwar Period, at Museu de Arte Moderna
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Autonomy of Drawing, at Museu de Arte Moderna
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazilianart Project, at Almacén Galeria de Arte
2003 - São Paulo SP - Art and Society: A Controversial Relationship, at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Tomie Ohtake in the Spiritual Weave of Brazilian Art, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2004 - Campinas SP - Metrópolis Collection of Contemporary Art, at Espaço Cultural CPFL
2004 - Niterói RJ - Transitive Modernity, at MAC/USP
2004 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Tomie Ohtake in the Spiritual Weave of Brazilian Art, at MNBA
2004 - São Paulo SP - Abstraction as Language: Profile of a Collection, at Pinakotheke
2004 - São Paulo SP - The Biennials: A Look at Brazilian Production 1951/2002, at Galeria Bergamin
2004 - São Paulo SP - Fifty 50, at Museu de Arte Moderna
2004 - Curitiba PR - Tomie Ohtake in the Spiritual Weave of Brazilian Art: Exhibition Celebrating the Artist's 90th Birthday, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2005 - São Paulo SP - Art in Metrópolis, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2005 - São Paulo SP - Pain, Form, Beauty: The Creative Representation of Traumatic Experience, at Estação Pinacoteca
2005 - São Paulo SP - Odorico Tavares: My Bahian Home - Dreams and Desires of a Collector, at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
2005 - Curitiba PR - Art in Metrópolis, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2005 - Curitiba PR - Odorico Tavares: My Bahian Home - Dreams and Desires of a Collector, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2006 - São Paulo SP - Modern Art in Context: ABN AMRO Real Collection, at Banco Santander
2006 - São Paulo SP - Brushstroke - Painting and Method: Projections of the 1950s, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2006 - Recife PE - Modern Art in Context: ABN AMRO Real Collection, at Instituto Cultural Banco Real
2006 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Modern Art in Context: ABN AMRO Real Collection, at Museu de Arte Moderna
2007 - Curitiba PR - Art in Space and Time, at Museu Oscar Niemeyer
2008 - São Paulo SP - Brazil-Japan Art, at MAC/USP
2008 - São Paulo SP - Ties of the Gaze, at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2008 - São Paulo SP - Japanese-Brazilians in the Collection of the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo, at Pinacoteca do Estado
2008 - São Paulo SP - Panorama of Panoramas, at Museu de Arte Moderna
2008 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Nippon - 100 Years of Brazil-Japan Integration, at Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil
2009 - São Paulo SP - Memorial Revisited: 20 Years, at Galeria Marta Traba
2009 - Niterói RJ - Brazilian Contemporary Art in the João Sattamini and MAC Niterói Collections, at Museu de Arte Contemporânea
2010 - São Paulo SP - 6th SP-Arte, at Fundação Bienal
2011 - São Paulo SP - 7th SP-Arte, at Pavilhão da Bienal
Source: Itaú Cultural
