Carmela Gross (São Paulo SP 1946)
Multimedia artist.
Maria do Carmo Gross Nitsche attended the visual arts course at the Fundação Armando Álvares Penteado - Faap, in São Paulo, between 1965 and 1969. In 1967, she presented the work Nuvens [Clouds], with schematic images in wood alluding to the world of comics and children's drawing. Since the 1970s, she has worked in diverse languages, such as drawing and lithography, using new media such as stamps, heliography, xerox and video art, and developing experiments in transposition between media. From 1972, she taught at the Faculdade de Artes Plásticas of the Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo - ECA/USP. Drawing is the basis for works such as the series Cartões Familiares [Family Cards] (1975) and Carimbos [Stamps] (1977 - 1978). From the 1980s, her work developed between painting and drawing, and between painting and object, also beginning to explore the architecture of the exhibition space. She received the Bolsa Vitae de Artes Plásticas [Vitae Visual Arts Grant], São Paulo, in 1991. In 1994, with the proposal Buracos [Holes] for the ArteCidade event in São Paulo, she made an intervention in the exhibition space. That same year, she received a grant for research at the European Ceramics Work Centre in 's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands, where she produced the ceramic ensemble Facas [Knives], later shown in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. From the late 1990s, she made the works Comedor de Luz [Light Eater] (1999) and O Fotógrafo [The Photographer] (2001), using fluorescent lamps, wires and metal structures.
Critical Commentary
Carmela Gross began her work at a busy period in Brazilian art, when discussions on new forms of artistic production in Brazil, the bringing together of art and life, and the visual appropriation of elements of mass culture were on the agenda. In 1965, she entered the visual arts course at the Fundação Armando Álvares Penteado - Faap. In class, she absorbed the debates on Pop art and the new avant-gardes. Mobilized by some of these questions, in 1967 she made the sculpture Nuvens. The wooden pieces, painted blue, are direct and objective. They materialize schematic images of clouds, similar to those of comics, animation and children's drawing. As historian Ana Maria Belluzzo emphasizes, the artist makes tangible some banal drawings that deal with dreamlike motifs.
At the same time, she dealt with the Pop language in other interventions. In the ephemeral work Escada [Staircase] (1968), she cut steps into an embankment in a São Paulo suburb. She also made sculptures such as Presunto [Ham] (1968), A Pedra [The Stone] (1968) and Espuma [Foam] (1969), close to the work of Claes Oldenburg (1929 - 2022). In her paintings and gouaches of the early 1970s, such as Montanha [Mountain] (1970), this iconography, between the Pop approach and the world of childhood, reappears. In 1972, she was hired as a visual arts professor at the Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo - ECA/USP. Teaching became an important part of her career.
With Cartões Familiares (1975), her work drew closer to graphic languages. In these drawings, she drew with graphite over a mask, following the principles of screen printing. Two years later, this graphic reasoning was developed in the series Carimbos. The work shows her interest in conceptual art and new media.
In 1984, she worked between painting and object. At first, she articulated modules of juxtaposed canvases, as in Cachoeira [Waterfall] (1985). The paintings relate to carved objects and drawings. From 1987, she worked exclusively with objects superimposed and juxtaposed on the plane, without any properly pictorial action, as in Trem [Train] (1990) and Recortes Pretos [Black Cutouts] (1995).
In 1994, the artist used this reasoning to act on the exhibition space. That year, she made the installation Buracos, in which she made several cracks in the floor and related them visually. The work took place during the project Arte Cidade: Cidade sem Janelas [Arte Cidade: City without Windows]. Five years later, she filled the space of the Oficina Cultural Oswald de Andrade with large black bandages. Once again, the artistic action dealt with the architecture of the exhibition space. In 2002, she made two simultaneous installations with fluorescent lamps. Both related to the building of the group shows and to the context of the exhibition. One was presented in the Sesc Belenzinho building during Artecidadezonaleste. The other appeared on the façade of the Fundação Bienal, at the 25th São Paulo International Biennial. These works continue an important facet of Carmela Gross's production, the sculptures made with light, begun in 1995.
Critiques
"(...) Carmela radicalizes typical features of the constructive movement - above all of Minimal art -, and plays with structural elements of pictorial language reduced to the condition of manipulable modules. The two-dimensionality of the pictures, the reversibility of pictorial space - emphasized through an exacerbated symmetry and the division of the canvases into interchangeable parts - and the critique of the virtuality of space, through the elaboration of forms on which the pictures are made (instead of containing the illusion of forms), are refined to such a degree that they truly become a manipulable lexicon, in the manner of the most conventional of languages. The sensory presence of these works, by contrast - unlike most constructive works, which tend to reduce it to a minimum to facilitate the apprehension of the procedures carried out - is due to an absolute indifference to the pertinence of their appearance. Arbitrary, averse to the meaningful austerity of the structuring and sometimes even grotesque, the appearance of the canvases is, in its crudeness, all the more intense the more insignificant it is. And yet it is the sensory presence of highly structured and meaningful pictures."
Rodrigo Naves
GROSS, Carmela. Carmela Gross. Apresentação Rodrigo Naves. São Paulo: Galeria Luisa Strina, 1986. folha dobrada, 4 il. color.
"(...) Carmela evokes ancestral memories. The figurations of the mural panels at this 20th Biennial are dense sedimentations of this experience accumulated by the artist, obstinate survivals of the remote life of the cave dweller, echoes crossing time. The broad, simple gestures are magnified to a cosmic grandeur. They cut the continuity of a smooth surface of handmade fiber paper painted with silver paint. The marks tear the luminous, mirroring space with questionings, non-objectivities, non-appearances. They are disappearances, shadows that amplify luminosity and spatiality. The same figures, projected or reflected on a wall facing the first, are then absorbed, as if, filtered by a pink dust, they entered the porous surface of the wall, inscribing themselves in it. They are still visions from afar."
Ana Maria de Moraes Belluzzo
BELLUZZO, Ana Maria de Moraes. Pintar e bordar. In: ARTISTAS brasileiros na 20a. Bienal Internacional de São Paulo. São Paulo: Fundação Bienal de São Paulo, 1989. p. 59, il. color.
"In 1988, this 'archaeological' dimension predominated in the exhibitions in São Paulo and Porto Alegre, in which pieces of brass or buttons are distributed in apparent disorder, making whirlpools of force and expansions chaotic. Clouds are not absent, whether as fragmented paintings, padded epicenters or sections of whirlwinds. Then the current phase. The expanded drawings-paintings become objects, offshoots of forces that generate their form and color from within. The focus moves away, and the scales blur between the micro-enlarged and the macro-reduced. They are extensions, perhaps maps, flints, but fakes in cast aluminum, re-proposing collected series of 'primitive' chipped stones, monoliths, geological eruptions, landscapes, beaches. A return to before civilization or before man's very habitation of the planet, but all high tech in material and making."
Carlos Scarinci
SCARINCI, Carlos. Carmela Gross. Galeria: Revista de Arte, São Paulo, n. 29, p. 22-24, maio/jun. 1992.
"Carmela Gross, from the Carimbos of the 1970s to the environment Facas created in 1995, has been demonstrating the possibility of subverting the stereotype through the repetition of the gesture. From this insistence, which could be misunderstood as submission to the model, she extracts the possibility of freeing, through imprecision, the different. It is, then, through the voluntary or unforeseen deviation from an initial given that the incessant conversion of one element into another takes place, in a constant updating of difference: through the cracks of the same she lets the new contained in it leak out. In recent works, from paper patterns, the artist cuts thin layers of fabric which, superimposed, build reliefs. Functioning as sections of solids, each layer is formally similar to the preceding and the following one, but between the first and the last there is not necessarily any formal analogy: the gradual alteration of form corresponds to the differential capable of distancing the similarities until they disappear. Short of any constructive reason, it is to see and want to touch: the pieces recall an ancient territory that we effectively never cease to explore."
Maria Alice Milliet
MILLIET, Maria Alice. Carmela Gross. In: O ÚNICO/o mesmo/o a-fundamento. Curadoria Maria Alice Milliet. São Paulo: Valu Oria Galeria de Arte, 1996. p. 7-8.
Solo Exhibitions
1977 - São Paulo SP - Desenhos [Drawings], at Gabinete de Artes Gráficas
1978 - São Paulo SP - Carimbos [Stamps], at Gabinete de Artes Gráficas
1980 - Porto Alegre RS - Carimbos [Stamps], at Espaço NO Galeria Chaves
1980 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross, at Itaugaleria
1983 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Quasares [Quasars], at MAM/RJ
1983 - São Paulo SP - Quasares [Quasars], at CCSP
1984 - Florence (Italy) - Quasares [Quasars], at Galeria Zona
1984 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross: pinturas, montagens, cartazes [Carmela Gross: Paintings, Montages, Posters], at Galeria Luisa Strina
1986 - Paris (France) - Quasares [Quasars], at Espaço Latino-Americano
1986 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross: pinturas [Carmela Gross: Paintings], at Galeria Luisa Strina
1986 - Washington DC (United States) - Projeto para a Construção de um Céu [Project for the Construction of a Sky], at Brazilian American Cultural Institute
1987 - São Paulo SP - Pintura-Desenho [Painting-Drawing], at MAC/USP
1988 - Porto Alegre RS - Pintura-Objeto [Painting-Object], at Margs
1988 - São Paulo SP - Pinturas-Objeto [Paintings-Objects], at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1989 - Brasília DF - Objetos Bestas [Silly Objects], at Galeria Espaço Capital Arte Contemporânea
1990 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross: pintura e objeto [Carmela Gross: Painting and Object], at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1992 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross: desenhos [Carmela Gross: Drawings], at MAM/SP
1992 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross: pinturas [Carmela Gross: Paintings], at Escritório de Arte São Paulo
1992 - São Paulo SP - Desenhos [Drawings], at Masp
1992 - São Paulo SP - Instalação [Installation], at Capela do Morumbi
1993 - Niterói RJ - Hélices [Propellers], at Galeria de Arte da UFF
1993 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Hélices [Propellers], at MAM/RJ
1994 - 's-Hertogenbosch (Netherlands) - Facas [Knives], at European Ceramics Work Centre
1994 - Ribeirão Preto SP - Hélices [Propellers], at Museu de Arte de Ribeirão Preto
1994 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Facas [Knives], at CCBB
1994 - Uberlândia MG - 300 Larvas [300 Larvae], at Galeria Ido Finotti/UFU
1995 - São Paulo SP - Facas [Knives], at MAM/SP
1995 - São Paulo SP - Solo, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1997 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross, at CCSP
1998 - Porto Alegre RS - 300 Desenhos [300 Drawings], at Instituto de Artes/UFRGS
1999 - São Paulo SP - Comedor de Luz [Light Eater], at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1999 - São Paulo SP - Projéteis [Projectiles], at Paço das Artes
2000 - São Paulo SP - Alagados [Flooded], at Centro Universitário Maria Antônia/USP
2000 - São Paulo SP - Projeto Parede [Wall Project], at MAM/SP
2001 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross, at CCSP
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Aurora [Dawn], at Paço Imperial
2003 - São Paulo SP - Carmela Gross, at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
2004 - São Paulo SP - Aurora [Dawn], at Galeria Olido
2004 - São Paulo SP - Conversa Contemporânea [Contemporary Conversation], at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
Group Exhibitions
1966 - Campinas SP - 2º Salão de Arte Contemporânea de Campinas [2nd Campinas Contemporary Art Salon]
1966 - São Paulo SP - 2º Encontro Universitário de Artes Plásticas [2nd University Visual Arts Meeting] - 1st sculpture prize
1967 - São Paulo SP - 9ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [9th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1967 - São Paulo SP - Group show, at Rex Gallery & Sons
1968 - Brasília DF - 5º Salão de Arte Moderna do Distrito Federal [5th Federal District Salon of Modern Art]
1968 - Campinas SP - 4º Salão de Arte Contemporânea de Campinas [4th Campinas Contemporary Art Salon], at MACC
1968 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Bandeiras na Praça [Flags in the Square], at Praça General Osório
1968 - Salvador BA - 2ª Bienal Nacional de Artes Plásticas [2nd National Visual Arts Biennial], at MAM/BA - honorable mention
1969 - São Paulo SP - 10ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [10th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1970 - Campinas SP - 6º Salão de Arte Contemporânea de Campinas [6th Campinas Contemporary Art Salon], at MAC/Campinas - acquisition prize
1970 - São Paulo SP - 4ª Jovem Arte Contemporânea [4th Young Contemporary Art], at MAC/USP - acquisition prize
1975 - Washington (United States) - Group show, at Art Gallery of the Brazilian American Cultural Institute
1976 - São Paulo SP - 7º Salão Paulista de Arte Contemporânea [7th São Paulo Contemporary Art Salon], at Paço das Artes
1977 - São Paulo SP - Vídeo - MAC [Video - MAC], at MAC/USP
1978 - São Paulo SP - 1º Encontro Internacional de Vídeo-Arte de São Paulo [1st São Paulo International Video Art Meeting], at MIS/SP
1978 - São Paulo SP - Exposição de Gravuras [Print Exhibition], at Cooperativa dos Artistas Plásticos
1978 - São Paulo SP - Livro de Artistas [Artists' Books], at Galeria Gesto Gráfico
1978 - São Paulo SP - Objeto na Arte: Brasil anos 60 [The Object in Art: Brazil in the 1960s], at MAB/Faap
1978 - São Paulo SP - Poucos e Raros [Few and Rare], at Masp
1979 - Caxias do Sul RS - Exposição de Desenhos [Drawing Exhibition]
1979 - Curitiba PR - 1ª Mostra de Desenho Brasileiro [1st Brazilian Drawing Exhibition], at Museu de Arte do Paraná - acquisition prize
1979 - São Paulo SP - Gerox: exposição de gravuras em xerox [Gerox: Exhibition of Xerox Prints], at Espaço Max Pochon
1979 - São Paulo SP - Multimedia Internacional [International Multimedia], at ECA/USP
1979 - São Paulo SP - O Desenho como Instrumento [Drawing as an Instrument], at Pinacoteca do Estado
1979 - São Paulo SP - O Múltiplo na Arte [The Multiple in Art], at Galeria Múltipla
1980 - Porto Alegre RS - Gerox, at Espaço NO Galeria Chaves
1980 - São Paulo SP - Dois Metros e Uma Página [Two Meters and One Page], at Cooperativa de Artistas Plásticos
1980 - São Paulo SP - Gerox, at Pinacoteca do Estado
1981 - Cali (Colombia) - 4ª Bienal de Artes Gráficas [4th Graphic Arts Biennial]
1981 - São Paulo SP - 16ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [16th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1981 - São Paulo SP - Arte Pesquisa [Art Research], at MAC/USP
1981 - São Paulo SP - Artistas Contemporâneos Brasileiros [Brazilian Contemporary Artists], at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1981 - São Paulo SP - Mostra de Heliografias [Heliography Exhibition], at Pinacoteca do Estado
1982 - Caxias do Sul RS - Artemicro, at Universidade de Caxias do Sul
1982 - Coimbra (Portugal) - Microarte, at Círculo das Artes Plásticas
1982 - Lisbon (Portugal) - Microarte, at Cooperativa Diferença
1982 - Penápolis SP - 5º Salão de Artes Plásticas da Noroeste [5th Noroeste Visual Arts Salon], at Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1982 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Artemicro, at MAM/RJ
1982 - São Paulo SP - 1º Festival Nacional da Mulher nas Artes [1st National Festival of Women in the Arts], at MAC/USP
1982 - São Paulo SP - Arte pelo Telefone [Art by Telephone], at MIS/SP
1982 - São Paulo SP - Artemicro, at MIS/SP
1983 - Dallas (United States) - Artemicro, at Bath House Cultural Center
1983 - São Paulo SP - 17ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [17th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1983 - São Paulo SP - Arte na Rua [Art in the Street]
1983 - Valparaíso (Chile) - 6ª Bienal de Valparaíso [6th Valparaíso Biennial]
1984 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - O Desenho Brasileiro [Brazilian Drawing], at Fundação Cândido Mendes
1984 - São Paulo SP - Poesia Evidência [Poesia Evidência [Poetry Evidence]], at PUC/SP
1984 - São Paulo SP - Tradição e Ruptura: síntese de arte e cultura brasileiras [Tradition and Rupture: A Synthesis of Brazilian Art and Culture], at Fundação Bienal
1985 - Penápolis SP - 6º Salão de Artes Plásticas da Noroeste [6th Noroeste Visual Arts Salon], at Fundação Educacional de Penápolis. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Penápolis
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Caligrafias e Escrituras [Calligraphies and Writings], at Galeria Sérgio Milliet/Funarte
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - O Céu do Rio [The Sky of Rio], at Planetário do Rio de Janeiro
1985 - São Paulo SP - Arte Novos Meios/Multimeios: Brasil 70/80 [Art New Media/Multimedia: Brazil 70/80], at MAB/Faap
1985 - São Paulo SP - Arte Tecnologia [Art Technology], at MAC/USP
1985 - São Paulo SP - Brasil Desenho [Brazil Drawing], at CCSP
1985 - São Paulo SP - Destaques da Arte Contemporânea Brasileira [Highlights of Brazilian Contemporary Art], at MAM/SP
1985 - São Paulo SP - Tendências do Livro de Artista no Brasil [Trends of the Artist's Book in Brazil], at CCSP
1985 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brasil Desenho [Brazil Drawing], at Funarte
1986 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Projeto Ivan Serpa [Ivan Serpa Project], at Galeria Sérgio Milliet/Funarte
1986 - São Paulo SP - 12 Anos [12 Years], at Galeria Luisa Strina
1986 - São Paulo SP - Projeto Vermelho-Progetto Rosso [Red Project-Progetto Rosso], at MAB/Faap
1986 - São Paulo SP - XX-XXI: uma virada no século [XX-XXI: A Turn of the Century], at Pinacoteca do Estado
1987 - São Paulo SP - A Trama do Gosto: um outro olhar sobre o cotidiano [The Fabric of Taste: Another Look at Everyday Life], at Fundação Bienal
1988 - Campinas SP - 13º Salão de Arte Contemporânea de Campinas [13th Campinas Contemporary Art Salon], at MACC
1988 - São Paulo SP - 6º Salão Paulista de Arte Contemporânea [6th São Paulo Contemporary Art Salon]
1988 - São Paulo SP - MAC 25 Anos: aquisições e doações recentes [MAC 25 Years: Recent Acquisitions and Donations], at MAC/USP
1989 - São Paulo SP - 20ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [20th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1989 - São Paulo SP - 20º Panorama de Arte Atual Brasileira [20th Panorama of Current Brazilian Art], at MAM/SP
1989 - São Paulo SP - Acervo [Collection], at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1989 - São Paulo SP - Nove Mulheres [Nine Women], at Galeria Millan
1990 - Brasília DF - Prêmio Brasília de Artes Plásticas [Brasília Visual Arts Award], at MAB/DF - grand prize
1990 - Curitiba PR - 9ª Mostra de Gravura da Cidade de Curitiba [9th Curitiba City Printmaking Exhibition], at Museu da Gravura
1990 - San Diego (United States) - Latin-American Drawings Today, at San Diego Museum of Art
1990 - Santiago (Chile) - Latinoamerica Presente [Latin America Present], at Museo de Bellas Artes de Santiago
1990 - São Paulo SP - 21º Panorama de Arte Atual Brasileira [21st Panorama of Current Brazilian Art], at MAM/SP
1990 - São Paulo SP - A Presença do Desenho [The Presence of Drawing], at Paço das Artes
1990 - São Paulo SP - Gente de Fibra [People of Fiber], at Sesc/Pompeia
1990 - São Paulo SP - Presença do Desenho [Presence of Drawing], at Paço das Artes
1991 - Fortaleza CE - 2ª Exposição Internacional Esculturas Efêmeras [2nd International Exhibition of Ephemeral Sculptures], at Fundação Demócrito Rocha
1991 - Medellín (Colombia) - FaxArt, at Centro Colombo Americano Medellín
1991 - São Paulo SP - 22º Panorama de Arte Atual Brasileira [22nd Panorama of Current Brazilian Art], at MAM/SP
1991 - São Paulo SP - Artistas Professores [Artist-Teachers], at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1991 - São Paulo SP - O Que Faz Você Agora Geração 60?: jovem arte contemporânea dos anos 60 revisitada [What Are You Doing Now, 60s Generation?: Young Contemporary Art of the 1960s Revisited], at MAC/USP
1991 - São Paulo SP - Fax-Arte, at Masp
1992 - Belém PA - 2º Salão Paraense de Arte Contemporânea [2nd Pará Contemporary Art Salon], at Secretaria de Estado da Cultura
1992 - Campinas SP - Premiados nos Salões de Arte Contemporânea de Campinas [Prizewinners of the Campinas Contemporary Art Salons], at MACC
1992 - Jundiaí SP - Artistas Convidados e Homenageados [Invited and Honored Artists], at Salão de Arte de Jundiaí
1992 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Gravura de Arte no Brasil: proposta para um mapeamento [Art Printmaking in Brazil: A Proposal for a Mapping], at CCBB
1992 - São Paulo SP - A Linguagem dos Minerais [The Language of Minerals], at Espaço Miriam Mamber Artwear e Design
1992 - São Paulo SP - Arte Brasileira na Coleção: anos 70/90 [Brazilian Art in the Collection: 1970s/90s], at MAC/USP
1992 - São Paulo SP - Branco Dominante [Dominant White], at Galeria de Arte São Paulo
1993 - Brasília DF - 20x10, at Espaço Cultural do Distrito Federal
1993 - Brasília DF - Acervo da Capes [Capes Collection], at MinC
1993 - Brasília DF - Um Olhar sobre Joseph Beuys [A Look at Joseph Beuys], at Fundação Athos Bulcão
1993 - Ribeirão Preto SP - Via Fax, at Museu de Arte de Ribeirão Preto
1993 - São Paulo SP - Brazilian Contemporary Art Projects, at MAC/USP
1993 - São Paulo SP - Coletiva de Pinturas [Painting Group Show], at Espaço Namour
1993 - São Paulo SP - Coletiva no Espaço Arte Morumbi Shopping [Group show at Espaço Arte Morumbi Shopping]
1993 - São Paulo SP - Olho Mágico [Magic Eye], at Documenta Galeria de Arte
1993 - São Paulo SP - Outdoors: exposição comemorativa do centenário de Mário de Andrade [Billboards: Exhibition Commemorating the Centenary of Mário de Andrade], at CCSP
1993 - São Paulo SP - Programa Anual de Exposições de Artes Plásticas [Annual Visual Arts Exhibition Program], at CCSP
1994 - São Paulo SP - Arte Cidade 1: cidade sem janelas [Arte Cidade 1: City without Windows], at Matadouro Municipal da Vila Mariana
1994 - São Paulo SP - Bienal Brasil Século XX [20th-Century Brazil Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1995 - Caracas (Venezuela) - 2ª Bienal de Barro de América [2nd Clay of America Biennial], at Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas Sofía Imber
1995 - Curitiba PR - 11ª Mostra da Gravura da Cidade de Curitiba [11th Curitiba City Printmaking Exhibition], at Fundação Cultural
1995 - Santos SP - 5ª Bienal Nacional de Santos [5th Santos National Biennial]
1995 - São Paulo SP - Garner Tullis Workshop, at MAM/SP
1995 - São Paulo SP - O Desenho em São Paulo 1956-1995 [Drawing in São Paulo 1956-1995], at Galeria Nara Roesler
1995 - São Paulo SP - Projeto Contato [Contact Project], at Galeria Sesc Paulista
1996 - São Paulo SP - 4º Studio Unesp Sesc Senai de Tecnologias de Imagens [4th Unesp Sesc Senai Studio of Image Technologies], at Sesc Pompeia
1996 - São Paulo SP - Arte Brasileira: 50 anos de história no acervo MAC/USP: 1920-1970 [Brazilian Art: 50 Years of History in the MAC/USP Collection: 1920-1970], at MAC/USP
1996 - São Paulo SP - Mulheres Artistas no Acervo do MAC [Women Artists in the MAC Collection], at MAC/USP
1996 - São Paulo SP - O Único, o Mesmo, o A-Fundamento [The Only, the Same, the Un-Foundation], at Valu Oria Galeria de Arte
1996 - São Paulo SP - United Artists 2: Utopia, at Casa das Rosas
1997 - Little Rock (United States) - Re-Aligning Visions: alternative currents in South American drawing [Re-Aligning Visions: Alternative Currents in South American Drawing], at Arkansas Art Center
1997 - Madrid (Spain) - Latinoamerica en Arco [Latin America at Arco], at Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I
1997 - New York (United States) - Re-Aligning Visions: alternative currents in South American drawing [Re-Aligning Visions: Alternative Currents in South American Drawing], at El Museo del Barrio
1997 - São Paulo SP - Arte Cidade 2: Intervenções Urbanas [Arte Cidade 2: Urban Interventions], at Sesc Pompeia
1997 - São Paulo SP - Diversidade da Escultura Contemporânea Brasileira [Diversity of Contemporary Brazilian Sculpture], on Avenida Paulista - Ministério da Cultura/Itaú Cultural
1997 - São Paulo SP - Intervalos [Intervals], at Paço das Artes
1997 - São Paulo SP - Tridimensionalidade na Arte Brasileira do Século XX [Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art], at Itaú Cultural
1997 - São Paulo SP - United Artists 3: Luz [United Artists 3: Light], at Casa das Rosas
1998 - Austin (United States) - Re-Aligning Visions: alternative currents in South American drawing [Re-Aligning Visions: Alternative Currents in South American Drawing], at Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery
1998 - Belo Horizonte MG - Tridimensionalidade na Arte Brasileira do Século XX [Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art], at Itaú Cultural
1998 - Brasília DF - Tridimensionalidade na Arte Brasileira do Século XX [Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art], at Itaugaleria
1998 - Caracas (Venezuela) - Re-Aligning Visions: alternative currents in South American drawing [Re-Aligning Visions: Alternative Currents in South American Drawing], at Museo de Bellas Artes
1998 - Monterrey (Mexico) - Re-Aligning Visions: alternative currents in South American drawing [Re-Aligning Visions: Alternative Currents in South American Drawing], at Museo de Arte Contemporáneo
1998 - Penápolis SP - Tridimensionalidade na Arte Brasileira do Século XX [Three-Dimensionality in 20th-Century Brazilian Art], at Itaugaleria
1998 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Pensar Gráfico: a gravura da linguagem [Graphic Thinking: The Printmaking of Language], at Paço Imperial
1998 - São Paulo SP - 24ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [24th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
1998 - São Paulo SP - 30ª Anual de Arte [30th Art Annual], at Faap - honored artist
1998 - São Paulo SP - Formas Transitivas: arte brasileira, construção e invenção 1970/1998 [Transitive Forms: Brazilian Art, Construction and Invention 1970/1998], at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
1998 - São Paulo SP - Fronteiras [Frontiers], at Itaú Cultural
1998 - São Paulo SP - Heranças Contemporâneas II [Contemporary Legacies II], at MAC/USP
1998 - São Paulo SP - Os Colecionadores - Guita e José Mindlin: matrizes e gravuras [The Collectors - Guita and José Mindlin: Matrices and Prints], at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1998 - São Paulo SP - Pensar Gráfico: A Gravura da Linguagem [Graphic Thinking: The Printmaking of Language], at Pinacoteca do Estado
1999 - Belém PA - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Belo Horizonte MG - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Bogotá (Colombia) - De Brasil: alquimias y procesos [From Brazil: Alchemies and Processes], at Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango
1999 - Campinas SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Campo Grande MS - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Cuiabá MT - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Jundiaí SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Manaus AM - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Miami (United States) - Re-Aligning Visions: alternative currents in South American drawing [Re-Aligning Visions: Alternative Currents in South American Drawing], at Miami Art Museum
1999 - Osasco SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Porto Alegre RS - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Recife PE - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Ribeirão Preto SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Mostra Rio Gravura. São Paulo: gravura hoje [Rio Printmaking Exhibition. São Paulo: Printmaking Today], at Palácio Gustavo Capanema
1999 - Salvador BA - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Santo André SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - Santos SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - São Paulo SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
1999 - São Paulo SP - Espaço Aberto [Open Space], at Oficina Cultural Oswald de Andrade
1999 - São Paulo SP - O Brasil no Século da Arte [Brazil in the Century of Art], at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
1999 - São Paulo SP - Por que Duchamp? [Why Duchamp?], at Paço das Artes/Itaú Cultural
1999 - São Paulo SP - Território Expandido [Expanded Territory], at Sesc Pompeia - Estadão Multicultural Prize
1999 - São Vicente SP - 3ª Eletromidia de Arte: exposição virtual [3rd Art Electromedia: Virtual Exhibition]
2000 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Situações: arte brasileira anos 70 [Situations: Brazilian Art of the 1970s], at Fundação Casa França-Brasil
2000 - São Paulo SP - Brasil + 500 Mostra do Redescobrimento. Arte Contemporânea [Brazil + 500 Rediscovery Exhibition. Contemporary Art], at Fundação Bienal
2000 - São Paulo SP - Cá Entre Nós [Just Between Us], at Paço das Artes
2000 - São Paulo SP - Investigações. O Trabalho do Artista [Investigations. The Artist's Work], at Itaú Cultural
2000 - São Paulo SP - Leituras Construtivas [Constructive Readings], at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
2000 - São Paulo SP - Obra Nova [New Work], at MAC/USP
2001 - Oxford (United Kingdom) - Experiment Experiência: art in Brazil 1958-2000 [Experiment Experiência: Art in Brazil 1958-2000], at Museum of Modern Art
2001 - Recife PE - Políticas de la Diferencia: arte iberoamericano fin de siglo [Politics of Difference: Ibero-American Art at the End of the Century], at Centro de Convenções de Pernambuco
2001 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - O Espírito de Nossa Época [The Spirit of Our Time], at MAM/RJ
2001 - São Paulo SP - Anos 70: Trajetórias [The 1970s: Trajectories], at Itaú Cultural
2001 - São Paulo SP - Caminhos da Forma [Paths of Form], at Galeria de Arte do Sesi
2001 - São Paulo SP - O Espírito de Nossa Época [The Spirit of Our Time], at MAM/SP
2001 - São Paulo SP - Trajetória da Luz na Arte Brasileira [Trajectory of Light in Brazilian Art], at Itaú Cultural
2002 - Brasília DF - Fragmentos a Seu Ímã [Fragments to Their Magnet], at Espaço Cultural Contemporâneo Venâncio
2002 - Fortaleza CE - Ceará Redescobre o Brasil [Ceará Rediscovers Brazil], at Centro Dragão do Mar de Arte e Cultura
2002 - Madrid (Spain) - Arco/2002, at Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - A Imagem do Som do Rock Pop Brasil [The Image of the Sound of Brazilian Pop Rock], at Paço Imperial
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Caminhos do Contemporâneo 1952-2002 [Paths of the Contemporary 1952-2002], at Paço Imperial
2002 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Genealogia do Espaço [Genealogy of Space], at Galeria do Parque das Ruínas
2002 - São Paulo SP - 12 Esculturas [12 Sculptures], at Galpão de Design
2002 - São Paulo SP - 20 Artistas / 20 Anos [20 Artists / 20 Years], at CCSP
2002 - São Paulo SP - 25ª Bienal Internacional de São Paulo [25th São Paulo International Biennial], at Fundação Bienal
2002 - São Paulo SP - 4º Artecidadezonaleste [4th Artecidadezonaleste], at Sesc/Belenzinho
2002 - São Paulo SP - Coleção Metrópolis de Arte Contemporânea [Metrópolis Contemporary Art Collection], at Pinacoteca do Estado
2002 - São Paulo SP - Genius Loci: o espírito do lugar [Genius Loci: The Spirit of Place]
2002 - São Paulo SP - Nefelibatas [Cloud-Walkers], at MAM/SP
2002 - São Paulo SP - Territórios [Territories], at Instituto Tomie Ohtake
2003 - Madrid (Spain) - Arco/2003 [ARCO/2003], at Parque Ferial Juan Carlos I
2003 - Rio de Janeiro RJ - Tesouros da Caixa: arte moderna brasileira no acervo da Caixa [Caixa Treasures: Brazilian Modern Art in the Caixa Collection], at Conjunto Cultural da Caixa
2003 - São Paulo SP - A Gravura Vai Bem, Obrigado: a gravura histórica e contemporânea brasileira [Printmaking Is Doing Fine, Thank You: Historical and Contemporary Brazilian Printmaking], at Espaço Virgílio
2003 - São Paulo SP - A Subversão dos Meios [The Subversion of Media], at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Arco 2003 [ARCO 2003], at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
2003 - São Paulo SP - Arte e Sociedade: uma relação polêmica [Art and Society: A Controversial Relationship], at Itaú Cultural
2003 - São Paulo SP - Arteconhecimento: 70 anos USP [Artknowledge: 70 Years of USP], at MAC/USP
2003 - São Paulo SP - Compressores e Condensadores [Compressors and Condensers], at Espaço MAM - Villa-Lobos
2003 - São Paulo SP - MAC USP 40 Anos: interfaces contemporâneas [MAC USP 40 Years: Contemporary Interfaces], at MAC/USP
2003 - São Paulo SP - Meus Amigos [My Friends], at Espaço MAM - Villa-Lobos
2004 - Campinas SP - Coleção Metrópolis de Arte Contemporânea [Metrópolis Contemporary Art Collection], at Espaço Cultural CPFL
2004 - São Paulo SP - Arte Contemporânea no Acervo Municipal [Contemporary Art in the Municipal Collection], at CCSP
2004 - São Paulo SP - Arte Contemporânea no Ateliê de Iberê Camargo [Contemporary Art in Iberê Camargo's Studio], at Centro Universitário Maria Antônia
2004 - São Paulo SP - Arte Contemporânea: uma história em aberto [Contemporary Art: An Open History], at Gabinete de Arte Raquel Arnaud
Source: Itaú Cultural
